雨养条件下不同筋力小麦品种籽粒形态、品质性状及产量要素分析  

Grain Morphology,Quality Traits and Yield Components Analysis in Wheat Varieties of Different Gluten Types Under Rain-Fed Condition

作　　者：张霞 徐学欣 赵金科 孙芹 郝天佳 赵长星 王维华 石岩 ZHANG Xia;XU Xuexin;ZHAO Jinke;SUN Qin;HAO Tianjia;ZHAO Changxing;WANG Weihua;SHI Yan(College of Agronomy,Qingdao Agricultural University/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology,Qingdao,Shandong 266109)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学农学院/山东省旱作农业技术重点实验室,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《核农学报》2022年第5期1061-1071,共11页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010716);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300403);青岛市现代农业产业技术体系小麦创新推广团队项目(6622316104);山东省高等学校青创科技支持计划(2019KJF013)。

摘　　要：为明确雨养条件下不同筋力类型小麦品种品质性状、产量要素构成和籽粒形态间的关系,于2017—2020年小麦生长季开展田间试验,选用黄淮海地区主推的5个强筋小麦品种和11个中筋小麦品种为材料,采用近红外光谱分析技术测定籽粒吸水率、硬度、容重、沉降值、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、面团形成时间、面团稳定时间、延伸性、最大抗延阻力,并采用种子图像分析技术测定籽粒长度、宽度、厚度、面积等主要形态指标,分析不同品种籽粒形态、品质性状及产量要素的相关性。结果表明,对16个供试小麦品种的综合品质进行聚类分析,共划分为5种类型,三年度中Ⅴ类小麦品种(师栾02-1、济麦20和泰科麦33)品质指标显著高于其余类小麦品种,其中,强筋小麦品种济麦20产量显著高于其余强筋小麦品种,中筋小麦品种烟农999、泰麦1918、烟农173产量显著高于其余中筋小麦品种,且泰麦1918品质较好且较稳定。小麦籽粒形态(籽粒长度、宽度、厚度、面积)和千粒重呈显著正相关关系,而二者与小麦品质性状呈显著负相关关系。综上考虑,强筋小麦品种济麦20和中筋小麦品种泰麦1918是适宜半湿润偏旱的鲁东地区雨养条件下种植的高产优质小麦品种,近红外光谱分析技术与种子图像分析技术的综合利用可作为小麦品质检测的有效技术方法。本研究结果可为鲁东地区高产优质小麦品种的筛选与品质分析鉴定提供理论依据。The current study aims to characterize the potential relationship between grain quality parameters and yield related traits,including yield components and morphology traits,of wheat varieties differ in gluten compositions under rain-fed condition.During the three wheat growing seasons in 2017-2020,five strong gluten wheat varieties and eleven medium gluten wheat varieties from the Huang-Huai-Hai region were planted in field trials in Shandong province.Harvested grains were analyzed using near-infrared spectroscopy to determine water absorption,grain hardness,test weight,Zeleny sedimentation value,protein content,wet gluten content,dough development time,dough stability time,and extension and maximum resistance of dough.In addition,grain morphological traits such as grain length,grain width,grain thickness and grain area were measured through seed image analysis.Results showed that the sixteen varieties could be classified into five groups by cluster analysis based on the general quality index.The highest quality index was found for group Ⅴ varieties(Shiluan 02-1,Jimai 20 and Taikemai 33).Among the five strong gluten varieties,Jimai 20 displayed the highest yield.For the eleven medium gluten wheat,Yannong 999,Taimai 1918 and Yannong 173 had significantly higher yield than the others,with Taimai 1918 displaying a superior and stable grain quality.Grain morphology traits showed a positive correlation with thousand grain weight(TGW),while both grain morphology traits and TGW showed negative correlations with grain quality traits.In conclusion,Jimai 20 and Taimai 1918,representing the strong and medium gluten varieties,respectively,were superior in yield and quality and suitable for planting in the rain-fed condition of eastern Shandong province.This study also showed that near-infrared spectroscopy and seed image analyses are effective techniques for wheat quality evaluation.The results of the current study provide guidelines for both the selection and quality analysis of high yield and high quality wheat varieties

关 键 词：雨养条件 小麦品种 近红外光谱分析技术 籽粒形态 籽粒品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]