二战后苏联的军事工业转型与军事工业综合体的形成  

Development of Soviet Military Industry after WWⅡ

作　　者：张广翔[1] 齐石[1] Zhang Guangxiang;Qi Shi(Northeast Asian Research Center,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin 130012)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学东北亚研究中心,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《军事历史研究》2022年第1期100-114,共15页Military History Research

摘　　要：第二次世界大战结束后,在核武器以及运载和发射核武器的导弹、战略轰炸机、核潜艇等战略武器装备系统的研制过程中,苏联军事工业逐渐实现了从以发展常规机械化武器装备为核心到发展核武器和战略武器装备为核心的转型。在转型的过程中,苏联军事工业生产形式、行政管理体制以及军事学术和军队组织都相应地发生了改变。同时,苏联的对外军事技术合作和武器装备贸易,推动着苏联军事工业规模的扩大和军事工业资源在世界范围内的流动,将军事工业部、军事部门和国家的政治、经济机关紧密联结在一起。在这些围绕军事工业发展的转变中,来自政治、经济和军事等部门的相关机构和人员共同组成了一个有机联系的网络,共同推动苏联国家和社会的各种资源通过军事工业的运转和发展,最大限度地转化为各种形式的国家军事力量,苏联军事工业综合体由此形成。After World War II,the Soviet military industry gradually realized the transition from the development of conventional mechanized weapons to that of nuclear weapons and strategic weapons.In the process of transformation,the Soviet military industrial production form,the administrative management system and the military academic and military organization changed accordingly.At the same time,the Soviet Union’s foreign military technical cooperation and weapons and equipment trade promoted the expansion of the Soviet military industry and the flow of military industrial resources around the world.The Ministry of Military Industry,military departments and the political and economic organs of the country were closely linked together and participated in the upgrading of the technical level of the military industry and the expansion of the production scale.In the process of these transformations,relevant institutions and personnel from the political,economic,military and other departments formed an organically connected network,jointly promoting the various resources of the Soviet state and society to be transformed into various forms of national military power through the operation and development of the military industry.The Soviet military-industrial complex was thus formed.

关 键 词：苏联 军事工业转型 军事工业综合体 核工业 战略武器 华沙条约组织 

分 类 号：K505[历史地理—历史学] E19[历史地理—世界史]