妊娠期糖尿病女性产后自我管理现状及影响因素分析  

Status quo of self-management in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus and its influencing factors

作　　者：胡荣 郭洪花[1] 李彤 李敏香 张彩虹[1] HU Rong;GUO Hong-hua;LI Tong;LI Min-xiang;ZHANG Cai-hong(不详;International Nursing School,Hainan Medical University,Haikou,Hainan 571199,China)

机构地区：[1]海南医学院国际护理学院,海南海口571199 [2]海南医学院第二附属医院护理部

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2022年第13期2360-2365,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金资助(819QN234)。

摘　　要：目的了解妊娠期糖尿病女性产后一年内自我管理水平及影响因素,为提高妊娠期糖尿病女性产后自我管理水平、制定预防2型糖尿病的针对性策略提供参考依据。方法2021年1月至9月按多阶段抽样方法抽取海口市5家医院205例既往有妊娠期糖尿病病史的女性进行调查。结果产后一年内的妊娠期糖尿病女性自我管理处于低水平,得分率为59.6%;多元逐步线性回归分析结果显示,妊娠期糖尿病女性产后自我管理水平的影响因素有职业为医务人员(t=2.206,P=0.029)、文化程度(t=4.028,P<0.001)、T2DM自我感知风险(t=4.510,P<0.001)、孕期使用胰岛素情况(t=3.382,P=0.001)、产后新生儿进入NICU(t=-3.675,P<0.001)、产后行OGTT筛查(t=2.467,P=0.014)、停止母乳喂养(t=3.296,P=0.001)、产后抑郁(t=-3.684,P<0.001)及自我效能(t=5.257,P<0.001)。结论妊娠期糖尿病女性产后一年内的自我管理水平亟待提升,其影响因素较多,医务人员应根据人群不同特征进行针对性指导,从而实现科学有效的自我管理。Objective To investigate the status quo and its influencing factors of the self-management of women with gestational diabetes mellitus within one year after delivery,and to provide a reference for improving the level of postpartum self-management and formulating targeted strategies to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods From January to September 2021,205 women with a history of gestational diabetes were selected from 5 hospitals in Haikou by multi-stage sampling method.Results The self-management in women with gestational diabetes mellitus within one year postpartum was low,with a scoring rate of 59.6%.The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that medical workers(t=2.206,P=0.029),education background(t=4.028,P<0.001),self-perceived risk of type 2 diabetes(t=4.510,P<0.001),insulin use during pregnancy(t=3.382,p=0.001),newborns entering NICU(t=-3.675,P<0.001),postpartum OGTT screening(t=2.467,P=0.014),stopping breastfeeding(t=3.296,P=0.001),postpartum depression(t=-3.684,P<0.001)and self-efficacy(t=5.257,P<0.001)were the factors influencing the postpartum self-management.Conclusion The self-management level of women with gestational diabetes mellitus within one year after delivery needs to be improved urgently,and there are many influencing factors.Medical staff should provide targeted guidance based on the characteristics of the population,so as to achieve scientific and effective self-management.

关 键 词：妊娠期糖尿病 产后 自我管理 影响因素 

分 类 号：R173[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R714.256[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]