基于主题词分布测度的学者知识累积行为研究  

Research on the Knowledge Accumulation Behavior of Scholars Based on the Measurement of Subject Headings Distribution

作　　者：吴志祥 何超 赵凯蕊 闵超[2] 王昊[2] Wu Zhixiang

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学经济与管理学院,江苏南京211816 [2]南京大学信息管理学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《情报理论与实践》2022年第7期140-147,共8页Information Studies:Theory & Application

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“基于深度学习与语义关联的关键核心技术-专家组合模型研究”的成果,项目编号:71904083。

摘　　要：[目的/意义]学者个人的知识累积伴随着学者整个科研生涯,为其个人的科研经验积累乃至科学系统的发展进步提供了条件,然而目前对学者层面的知识累积行为规律知之甚少。[方法/过程]文章梳理了已有的相关基础理论,以规范的主题词为知识表征,从学者知识累积的生命周期、新知识加入、旧知识复用以及累积知识分布4个方面,对免疫与微生物领域的近万名学者开展了系统的实证研究。[结果/结论]研究发现,学者倾向于复用旧知识,累积知识频次符合幂律分布,职业生涯30年以上的学者尤其明显,因此我们认为学者的知识累积行为可以用“最省力法则”解释。研究发现在探索学者创新行为规律、增强学者自我认知以及科研人才培养等方面具有理论与现实价值。[Purpose/significance]Compared with the research at discipline level,little is known about the knowledge accumulation behavior of an individual scholar.[Method/process]To fill this research gap,this study integrates the related theory,using MeSH terms to represent the knowledge,and then fitting the life cycle of individual scholar’s accumulation knowledge by logistic model,measuring the feature of adding new knowledge behavior by the proportion of new knowledge(PNK)index,measuring the feature of repeating old knowledge by the continuous index of repetitive knowledge(CIRK),and finally fitting the cumulative knowledge distribution by power law.[Result/conclusion]Our empirical results through 9306 scholars of immunology and microbiology disciplines show that scholars fellow the law of least effort in their limited career of knowledge accumulation,scholars with longer careers(≥30 years)are more obviously.The implications of the findings are discussed.

关 键 词：学者创新行为 知识累积模型 生命周期理论 主题词 幂律分布 

分 类 号：G353.1[文化科学—情报学]