汉语双宾结构语义类与形式类的互动  

The Interaction between Formal Categories and Semantic Categories of Chinese Double Object Construction

作　　者：吴宇仑 Wu Yulun(School of Humanities,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院,北京100084

出　　处：《现代语文》2022年第7期46-53,共8页Modern Chinese

摘　　要：从形式句法上来看,汉语中的双宾结构可以划分为两类:给予义和取得义,其分类的依据包括:直接宾语能否在被动句中作主语;直接宾语能否关系从句化;直接宾语能否受表示领属的定语修饰。从语义特征上来看,汉语中的双宾结构则可以分为许多类别,其分类的主要依据是直接宾语的语义属性。通过形式标准对双宾结构的语义类进行测试,可以发现,所有的语义类都可以归入两个形式类。也就是说,复杂的语义关系可以通过简单的句法规则而得到实现,从而证明了双宾结构在语义上比较繁杂的分类并不违反人类语言的本质特征。The double object construction in Chinese can be divided into two types from the formal syntax:the giving type and the acquiring type.The classification based on facts include:whether the direct objects can be the subject in the passive sentences;whether the direct objects can be transitioned into relative clauses;whether the direct object can be modified by attributive expressing the meaning of possession.Meanwhile,in the view of semantics,it can be divided into many categories,which are mainly based on the semantic properties of direct objects.In this paper,all the semantic categories of double object construction were tested by formal criteria.The results showed that all semantic categories can be classified into two formal categories,that is to say,complex semantic relations are realized by simple syntactic rules.It is proved that the large number of semantic categories of double object construction does not violate the characteristics of human language.

关 键 词：双宾结构 与格结构 直接宾语 准宾语 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]