旗人汉语“来着”的形成及其对北方汉语影响  

On the Formation of Manchurian Chinese “Laizhe” and Its Influence on Northern Mandarin

作　　者：郭军连 Guo Junlian(School of histrry and culture,Jilin Normal University Siping Jilin 136099)

机构地区：[1]吉林师范大学历史文化学院,吉林四平136099

出　　处：《语言科学》2022年第3期276-288,共13页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(15ZDB110)的支持。

摘　　要：清朝入主中原后,满洲人与汉人的接触和互动日益频繁,满语与汉语也不可避免的相互影响。通过考察清代满汉合璧会话书和相关汉语文献,可以发现“来着”不是汉语内部发展的产物,原本属于旗人汉语,通常与满语bihe(-he)及bihe构成的语法形式对应,是在满语语法(时、体意义)干扰下转译汉语时的创造性用语,最终融入到北方汉语的语法体系当中,为兼具时、体意义的助词,并在语用因素的主导下,逐步发展出表达情态的语用功能。对文献的分析和梳理,大体揭示出了“来着”的起源和发展脉络。Since the rule of the Qing Dynasty over the Central Plains, the contact and interaction between Manchurians and Han people have become increasingly frequent, which has inevitably led to the mutual influence between Manchu and Chinese. Through the investigation of Manchu-Chinese conversation books and relevant Chinese documents in the Qing Dynasty, it can be found that “laizhe” is not resulted from the internal development of Chinese per se, but originated from the usage of Chinese by the Manchurians. This invention in the process of Manchu-Chinese translation interfered by Manchu grammar(i.e. tense and aspect) corresponds to the Manchu bihe(-he) and its grammatical form. It has finally merged into the northern Mandarin grammatical system as an auxiliary word showing the characteritics of tense and aspect markers. Primarily as the result of pragmatic factors, it has gradually developed the function of modality. The paper has revealed the origin and general development process of “laizhe” after the sorting out and analysis the literature.

关 键 词：语法干扰 旗人汉语 时体助词 北方汉语 

分 类 号：H221[语言文字—少数民族语言]