杭州话古开口三等今读合口的音变——兼论吴语同类现象的形成  

The Sound Change of the Division III Rimes from Kaikou to Hekou in Hangzhou Dialect:Also on the Formation of the Same Type of Sound Changes in Wu Dialect

作　　者：赵庸 Zhao Yong(Department of Chinese Language and Ltteraiure&Language Cognition and Evolution Lab,East China Normal Universtty,Shanghai 200241)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中国语言文学系/语言认知与演化实验室,上海200241

出　　处：《语言科学》2022年第3期301-313,共13页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：上海市社科规划课题(2020BYY012);上海市浦江人才计划项目(2020PJC040);国家社科基金重大项目(18ZDA296)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：杭州话存在古开口三等今读合口的音变现象,声母条件是中古知、庄、章组和日母,韵类来源于中古麻、盐、侵、仙、真、阳韵系。这类现象形成于杭州话音系内部的自发音变。十七世纪七十年代杭州话知、庄、章组和日母的读音为■、■、■、■、■和■。声母圆唇特征的顺同化作用使不同韵根据不同声类条件陆续发生介音的圆唇化、舌尖化音变:i>u>Ч、i>y>Ч、i>Ч。今杭州话的?介音不只一个音变来源。古开口三等今读合口的现象杭州话不是孤例,吴语其他方言也有同类型的音变发生,诱发音变的声母或者为卷舌音,或者为舌叶音。卷舌音大类可以统一解决这类音变现象的历时解释。In Hangzhou dialect,some Division III rimes have changed from kaikou(开口)to hekou(合口)when the initials are from the Zhi(知),Zhuang(庄),Zhang(章)groups and the Ri(日)group and their rimes originated from Ma(麻),Yan(盐),Qin(侵),Xian(仙),Zhen(真),Yang(阳)rimes.This phenomenon is resulted from the spontaneous sound change of in the phonology of Hangzhou dialect.In the 70 s of the seventeenth century,the initials Zhi,Zhuang,Zhang groups and the Ri group used to read as ■、■、■、■、■ and ■ in Hangzhou dialect.The progressive assimilation effect of the round feature of the initials has caused the medials to undergo labialization and apicalization in succession in accordance to different initials,such as i>u>Ч、i>y>Ч、i>Ч.There is more than one source of the medial?in modern Hangzhou dialect.However,this sound change in Hangzhou dialect is not an isolated case.The other dialects of Wu group also have experienced the same type of medial changes.This sound changes are triggered by the retroflex initials or the postalveolar initials.The retroflexed sounds are the answers to these diachronic sound changes.

关 键 词：杭州话 开合口 卷舌音 自发音变 吴语 

分 类 号：H173[语言文字—汉语]