介词认知语义模型及语法化机制  

Cognitive Semantic Model and Grammaticalization Mechanism of Prepositions

作　　者：崔云忠 Cui Yunzhong(School of International Education,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学国际教育学院,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《东方论坛（青岛大学学报）》2022年第4期129-141,共13页Eastern Forum（JOURNAL OF QINGDAO UNIVERSITY）

基　　金：国家社会科学后期资助项目“魏晋南北朝汉语介词研究”(18FYY028);山东省社科规划重点项目“日本山口县立大学图书馆等14馆藏汉籍编目与复制”(20BHBJ03)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：介词只具有语法意义,不具备词汇意义,其语义性质需要根据介词结构中构成成分之间的关系进行判定。介词的语义以网络状、层次性分布。每一个网络节点可看作一个概念。介词语义按照一定的逻辑关系进行组织,构成一个有层次的网络系统。每一级语义均处于相应的节点上,各节点、又以其共性特征与上一级语义相联系,形成一个相对封闭的网络系统,即介词语义层次网络。介词的每一语义特征都会出现在网络层次模型中的固定位置。根据网络节点激活情况,语义漂白、语义泛化是汉语介词语法化的主要机制。语法化项的源义是判断介词语义的重要参照项。从介词语义层次网络模型可以观察介词语义的层次分布。Prepositions have only grammatical meaning and no lexical meaning,and their semantic properties need to be judged according to the relationship between the components in the structure of prepositions.The semantic distribution of prepositions takes the form of networks and hierarchies.Each network node can be viewed as a concept.The semantics of prepositions is organized according to certain logical relations and constitutes a hierarchical network system.Each level of semantics is on its corresponding node,and each node is connected with the upper level of semantics by its common characteristics,forming a relatively closed network system,namely,the semantic hierarchical network of prepositions.Each semantic feature of a preposition appears in a fixed position in the model of network hierarchy.According to the activation of network nodes,semantic bleaching and semantic generalization are the main mechanisms of grammaticalizing Chinese prepositions.The source meaning of the grammaticalized term is an important reference to judge the meaning of prepositions.The hierarchical distribution of preposition semantics can be observed from the hierarchical network model of preposition semantics.

关 键 词：介词 语义模型 语法化机制 语义层次 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语] H14