19世纪末20世纪初美国东、南欧女性移民经济参与活动探析  

A Study of Economic Participation of the Eastern and Southern European Immigrant Women in America in the Late 19^(th) and Early 20^(th) Centuries

作　　者：杨静 Yang Jing

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学历史与社会学院,重庆401331

出　　处：《外国问题研究》2022年第1期62-72,127,共12页FOREIGN HISTORY STUDIES

基　　金：重庆市社科基金项目“社会转型时期美国东、南欧女性移民经济参与活动及其影响研究(1880—1920)”(编号:2020PY11)。

摘　　要：19世纪末20世纪初,美国迎来了史无前例的东、南欧女性移民潮。相比于以往的西、北欧女性移民,东、南欧女性移民因为普遍面临经济困境,广泛地参与各种以挣钱为目的的经济活动。她们的经济参与活动既包括进入劳动力市场获取正式工作岗位、赚取工资收入的工厂就业形式,也包括从事家庭分包合同制生产、经营家庭旅馆、充当街头小贩、帮助家族企业或自主创业等其他形式。东、南欧女性移民通过经济参与活动,活跃于美国资本主义工商业经济体系之中,与美国社会产生了密切的互动,由此在个人、家庭、社区以及美国社会等不同层面上产生了重要影响。The United States experienced an unprecedented tide of Eastern and Southern European immigrant women in the late 19^(th) century and early 20^(th) century.Compared with immigrant women from Western and Northern Europe in the past,these women from Eastern and Southern Europe generally participated in various economic activities for the purpose of making money because of economic poverty.These economic activities included the formal employment by entering the labor market for formal jobs and earning wages,and other forms of informal employment such as family industrial production,engaged in the family hotel,performed as a street vendor,to help the family business or self-employed.Through economic participation activities,immigrant women from Eastern and Southern Europe were widely and deeply activated in the American industrial economic system,and had a close interaction with the American society,and thus had great influence on individuals,families,communities and American society.

关 键 词：东、南欧女性移民 经济参与活动 经济贡献 女性价值 

分 类 号：K712.5[历史地理—历史学] F113[历史地理—世界史]