“6·13”濮阳特大暴雨的中尺度特征及成因分析  

Analysis on Causes and Mesoscale Characteristics of the Severe Rainstorm on 13 June,2021 in Puyang City

作　　者：王春玲 宗川 张亚春 崔力 王聪 刘伟 Wang Chunling;Zong Chuan;Zhang Yachun;Cui Li;Wang Cong;Liu Wei(Puyang Meteorological Office,Puyang 457000,China;Henan Meteorological Service Center,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Henan Provincial Meteorological Observatory,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]濮阳市气象局,河南濮阳457000 [2]河南省气象服务中心,郑州450003 [3]河南省气象台,郑州450003

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2022年第4期23-32,共10页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(212102310416);中国气象局·河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室项目(KM202238)。

摘　　要：2021年6月13日下午到14日凌晨,豫北局部地区发生一次罕见特大暴雨天气过程,濮阳县国家气象观测站日降水量刷新1971年以来历史同期极值纪录,濮阳市区域站最大日降水量达到321.9 mm、最大小时雨强达132.8 mm。利用常规观测资料、卫星云图、雷达产品、区域自动站资料,对此次特大暴雨过程的中尺度特征及成因进行了分析。结果表明:(1)“6·13”特大暴雨过程是由500 hPa低槽、700 hPa和850 hPa暖切变线及地面中尺度辐合线等系统共同影响所致。500 hPa低槽携带冷空气东移、700 hPa和850 hPa暖切变线产生的强辐合共同为强降水提供了动力条件,低层暖湿气流的强输送及辐合为本次特大暴雨提供了充沛的水汽和能量,地面中尺度辐合线对中尺度对流降水系统的触发、加强和维持具有重要作用。(2)深厚的湿层和偏高的整层可降水量、偏低的抬升凝结高度和自由对流高度、极不稳定的对流层结,为此次特大暴雨提供了有利的环境条件。(3)特大暴雨发生在地面中尺度辐合线北侧东北气流中或人字形辐合线顶部气旋曲率最大处及右前方的东南气流大值区;对流云单体强烈发展、合并形成β中尺度对流系统,并在濮阳市维持4 h,强降水发生在中尺度对流系统后部云顶亮温大梯度区。(4)雷达回波显示,过程前期主要是受带状对流多单体影响,后期受中β团状对流多单体影响,对流单体通过发展、合并加强,并在濮阳市滞留约4 h,造成多频次、高效率对流性强降水,形成局地特大暴雨。From the evening of June 13,2021 to mid night,a rare severe rainstorm occurred in Northern Henan.The daily precipitation of national meteorological observatory of Puyang County broke the historical extreme value record of the same period since 1971.The maximum daily precipitation of Puyang regional station reached 321.9 mm and the maximum hourly rainfall intensity reached 132.8 mm.Using conventional observations,satellite images,radar data and precipitation data from regional automatic weather stations,we have conducted analysis on the causes and mesoscale features of this rainstorm event.The results indicate that:(1)the 13 June,2021 severe rainstorm was caused by the combined effect of 500 hPa low trough,700 hPa and 850 hPa warm shear lines and the surface mesoscale convergence line.The dynamic conditions of the severe precipitation included the eastward moving of 500 hPa low trough carrying cold airs and the strong convergence produced by the 700 hPa and 850 hPa warm shear lines.The strong transport and convergence of the warm-humid air flow in the lower layer provided abundant water vapor and energy for the severe rainstorm.The surface mesoscale convergence line played an important role in triggering,strengthening and maintaining the mesoscale convective precipitation system.(2)The occurrence of this severe rainstorm event was characterized in the environment field by abnormally abundant water vapor,low height of lifted condensation and extremely unstable tropospheric stratification.(3)This severe rainstorm occurred in the northeast air flow on the north side of the ground mesoscale convergence line or the maximum cyclonic curvature at the top of the herringbone convergence line and the southeast air flow large-value area in right front,where the cells of convective cloud developed strongly and finally merged into a meso-β-scale convection system which lasted for four hours in Puyang.Then the severe precipitation occurred in the large gradient area of cloud top brightness temperature in the rear of the mesosc

关 键 词：特大暴雨 暖切变线 中尺度 对流系统 团状多单体 

分 类 号：P458.1+21.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]