生态脆弱露天矿区截水帷幕下松散层水位演化规律  

Water level evolution pattern of loose layers under water cutoff curtain in ecologically fragile open-pit mines

作　　者：王海 王永刚[3] 张雁 孙浩 苗贺朝 WANG Hai;WANG Yonggang;ZHANG Yan;SUN Hao;MIAO Hechao(Xi’an Research Institute Co.Ltd.,China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corp.,Xi’an 710077,China;College of Resources and Earth Sciences,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;Inner Mongolia Pingzhuang Coal Industry(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Chifeng 024050,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司,陕西西安710077 [2]中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院,江苏徐州221116 [3]内蒙古平庄煤业(集团)有限责任公司,内蒙古赤峰024050

出　　处：《煤田地质与勘探》2022年第7期36-43,共8页Coal Geology & Exploration

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0804100,2019YFC1805400);中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司科技创新基金项目(2020XAYJS03)。

摘　　要：我国蒙东地区生态环境脆弱,水资源匮乏,露天煤矿高强度开采引起地下水系统的补、径、排条件发生剧烈变化,导致松散层水位大幅下降、地表河流流量衰减、生态环境破坏。为揭示生态脆弱露天矿区在截水帷幕下的松散层水位演化规律,分析生态脆弱露天矿区地下水分布特征和采动对松散层水位的影响,开展截水帷幕下的松散层水位理论计算和物理模拟试验,结合现场监测数据分析截水帷幕下内蒙古扎尼河露天煤矿、元宝山露天煤矿松散层水位演化规律。结果表明:生态脆弱露天矿区松散层渗透系数大、水位埋藏浅;露天开采对矿区松散层水位影响巨大,矿区周边数千米范围内的松散层水位下降数米到数十米;理论计算和物理模拟发现,截水帷幕外侧松散层水位抬升幅度与帷幕长度呈正相关关系;远离帷幕的水位变化速率较为平稳,靠近帷幕附近的水位变化相对剧烈;扎尼河和元宝山露天煤矿现场监测结果显示,帷幕外侧松散层水位升高3.43~9.12 m,帷幕内侧水位降低3.21~10.15 m,外侧水位抬升幅度与截水帷幕完成率成正比。截水帷幕作用下的松散层水位理论计算和物理模拟结果可指导现场工程应用,截水帷幕能够显著抬升生态脆弱露天矿区周边松散层水位,保护矿区松散层水资源。Eastern Inner Mongolia of China is characterized by a fragile ecological environment and scarce water resources.High-intensity mining in open-pit coal mines has caused drastic changes in the recharge,runoff and discharge of the groundwater system,resulting in a significant drop in the water level of the loose layer,depletion of surface stream flow and destruction of the ecological environment.To reveal the evolution of water level in the loose layer under the water cutoff curtain in ecologically fragile open-pit mines,analyze the characteristics of groundwater distribution in and the influence of mining on the water level of loose layers,we carried out,theoretical calculations and physical simulations of the water level in the loose layer under the water cutoff curtain.Then,the evolution of the water level in the loose layer in Zhanihe open-pit coal mine and Yuanbaoshan open-pit coal mine were analyzed.The results show that the loose layer in the ecologically fragile open-pit mine area has a large permeability coefficient and shallow water level burial.Open-pit mining has a huge impact on the water level of the loose layer in the mine area,and the water level of the loose layer within several kilometers around the mine area decreases by several meters to tens of meters.In addition,theoretical calculations and physical simulations show that the water level of the loose layer outside the cutoff curtain gradually rises with the increase of the curtain length,and the water level changes at a relatively stable rate,while the water level changes relatively drastically near the curtain.The monitoring results of Zhanihe open-pit coal mine and Yuanbaoshan open-pit coal mine show that the water level of the loose layer outside the curtain rises by 3.43-9.12 m,and the water level of the loose layer inside the curtain decreases by 3.21-10.15 m.The increase of the water level of the loose layer outside the curtain is proportional to the completion rate of the water cutoff curtain.The theoretical calcula-tion and physical simu

关 键 词：生态脆弱区 松散层水位 演化规律 截水帷幕 物理模拟 水资源 露天矿 

分 类 号：TD824.6[矿业工程—煤矿开采] TD745[矿业工程—矿山开采]