废旧棉/涤混纺织物的组分快速分离及其含量测定  

Rapid separation and content determination of fibers from waste cotton/polyester blended fabrics

作　　者：张晓程[1] 周彦 田卫国[1] 乔昕[1] 贾锋伟 许丽丽 张金明[1] 张军[1,2] ZHANG Xiaocheng;ZHOU Yan;TIAN Weiguo;QIAO Xin;JIA Fengwei;XU Lili;ZHANG Jinming;ZHANG Jun(Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Shandong Zhongke Henglian Biobased Materials Co. , Ltd. , Weifang, Shandong 261106, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院化学研究所工程塑料重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学化学学院,北京100049 [3]山东中科恒联生物基材料有限公司,山东潍坊261106

出　　处：《纺织学报》2022年第7期1-8,共8页Journal of Textile Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1910300);国家自然科学基金委地区联合基金项目(U2004211)。

摘　　要：基于高效溶解纤维素的低黏度离子液体/共溶剂体系,提出了一种废旧棉/涤(PET)混纺织物的组分分离与含量测定方法。考察了离子液体与共溶剂的种类及比例对废旧棉/涤混纺织物各组分的溶解能力、溶液黏度及分离过程对回收组分结构与性能的影响规律。结果表明:1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐/二甲基亚砜(质量比为1∶1)共溶剂体系可选择性高效溶解棉/涤混纺织物中的纤维素成分,所得纤维素溶液黏度较低,经简单过滤即可实现棉/涤混纺织物中纤维素和PET的高效分离,该溶解分离过程在25~60℃即可实现,纤维素组分几乎不降解,可进一步加工成膜、纤维及凝胶微球等材料,未经预粉碎的废旧织物分离后回收的PET纤维形态完整,纯度高。该方法不仅能实现棉/涤混纺织物的组分分离,而且能准确测定棉(纤维素)和涤(PET)组成含量,有助于废旧纺织物的高效回收与再利用,具有重要的应用前景。Based on ionic liquid/co-solvent system with excellent dissolving capability for cellulose and relatively low viscosity,a method for rapid component separation and content determination for waste cotton/polyester blended fabrics was proposed.The effect of ionic liquid and co-solvent on the dissolving capability,solution viscosity,structure and properties of separated components was studied.The results indicate that the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide(the mass ratio is 1∶1)system can selectively dissolve cellulose in the cotton/polyester blended fabrics,and the resultant cellulose solution has a low viscosity.Subsequently,after a simple filtration,cellulose and polyester fibers can be completely separated under simple and mild conditions,with the separation temperature to be 25-60℃.The cellulose component is almost non-degradable,and can be processed into film,fibers and microspheres.The polyester component with a high purity can also be separated and keep its original textile morphology in blended fabrics.In summary,the ionic liquid/co-solvent method not only can high-efficiently separate the components of the cotton/polyester blended fabrics,but also can accurately measure the components content.Therefore,this work provides a promising and useful method to the recycling and re-utilization of waste textiles,indicating a great potential in the practical applications.

关 键 词：废旧纺织品 棉/涤混纺织物 离子液体 共溶剂 纤维素 

分 类 号：O636.1[理学—高分子化学]