中沙群岛海域春夏交季温盐分布特征  

Characteristics of the Temperature and Salinity Distribution in Adjacent Sea Areas of Zhongsha Islands During Spring-Summer Transition Period

作　　者：王勇智 鞠霞 杜军 刘长建 王德武 周润生 薛文静[6] WANG Yong-zhi;JU Xia;DU Jun;LIU Chang-jian;WANG De-wu;ZHOU Run-sheng;XUE Wen-jing(First Institute of Oceanography,MNR,Qingdao 266061,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling,MNR,Qingdao 266061,China;Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling,Qingdao 266061,China;Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266237,China;South China Sea Marine Engineering Surveying Center,SOA,Guangzhou 510500,China;College of Marine Geosciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061 [2]自然资源部海洋环境科学与数值模拟重点实验室,山东青岛266061 [3]山东省海洋环境科学与数值模拟重点实验室,山东青岛266061 [4]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室区域海洋动力学与数值模拟功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [5]自然资源部南海调查技术中心,广东广州510500 [6]中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《海洋科学进展》2022年第3期408-422,共15页Advances in Marine Science

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项课题——中沙群岛及邻近海域海洋水动力环境调查(2018FY100102);国家重点研发计划项目——跨平台地球系统模式示范(2020YFA0607903)。

摘　　要：中沙群岛主要由中沙大环礁和黄岩岛组成,其温盐分布对于本区渔业生产、航海保障和水下通讯等具有重要意义。尤其是春夏之交的季节转换时期,该海域水温和盐度及其相应的跃层特性存在显著的季节变化,掌握其季节变化特征具有重要现实意义。本文基于2019年5月(南海春夏季风转换期)中沙大环礁、黄岩岛和2020年6月(夏季风爆发期)中沙大环礁海域大面站调查数据分析,发现中沙大环礁海域水温和盐度分布特征在夏季风爆发前后具有显著的差异性,2个航次的温跃层分布也呈现出较大不同,2019年5月黄岩岛海域温盐中上层分布与中沙大环礁相似,但底层有所差异,跃层深度也较大。2020年6月中沙大环礁内水体升温较快,各层水温均高于2019年5月,其中以底层水体升温最为显著;2019年5月中沙大环礁内水温水平梯度较大,且随着水深加大水平梯度也越大,2020年6日水平温度梯度逐渐减小。2个航次的盐度分布与水温分布较为相似。结合调查时段的海表热通量变化和卫星高度计资料分析认为,2019年5月中沙大环礁西南部海洋吸热高于东北部,故表层水温西南高东北低;2020年6月至7月环礁西南部海洋吸热低于东北部,故表层水温西南低东北高。由于中尺度涡的作用,中沙大环礁区域局部产生低温高盐或高温低盐水,并导致2020年6月中沙大环礁大部分海域的温跃层加深。The Zhongsha Islands mainly consist of the Zhongsha Atoll and Huangyan Island,particularly its adjacent sea water temperature and salinity,are of great significance for fisheries production,navigation security and underwater telecommunication.In the transitional period from spring to summer,significant seasonal variation in water temperature and salinity and corresponding thermocline structure can be observed in the region.Based on the CTD survey in the adjacent waters of the Zhongsha Atoll and Huangyan Island in May 2019 and June 2020,the water temperature and salinity distribution and difference are analyzed separately for the spring to summer monsoon transition in 2019 and post summer monsoon onset in 2020.Thermocline change is also analyzed with sea surface heat flux and satellite altimetry data.The results show that the water temperature in the Zhongsha Atoll rises rapidly after the onset of summer monsoon in 2020,and the temperature of each layer is higher than that during spring and summer monsoon transition period in 2019.The bottom temperature rises most significantly.The distribution of water temperature and salinity in the middle and upper layers near the Huangyan Island is similar to that near the Zhongsha Atoll in May 2019,but the those in bottom layer are different,and the depth of thermocline is also deeper.The bottom temperature rises most significantly in 2020 due to the onset of summer monsoon.The thermocline depth in 2020 is shallower than that in 2019.The horizontal temperature gradient near the Zhongsha Atoll is larger in 2019,which increases with water depth,but decreases gradually after the onset of summer monsoon in 2020.The horizontal distribution of salinity near the Zhongsha Islands in 2019 and 2020 is similar to that of temperature.The distribution of sea surface heat flux shows that the ocean heat absorption in the southwest of the atoll in May 2019 is higher than that in the northeast,thus the surface temperature is higher in the southwest and lower in the northeast.From June to July

关 键 词：中沙大环礁 温度 温跃层 中尺度涡 

分 类 号：P731.11[天文地球—海洋科学] P731.12