5种微生物杀虫剂对3种水稻主要害虫的室内毒力比较及致死表型观察  

Toxicity comparison and lethal phenotypes of five microbial insecticides against three major rice pests in laboratory research

作　　者：魏琪 朱旭晖 何佳春 万品俊 傅强 WEI Qi;ZHU Xuhui;HE Jiachun;WAN Pinjun;FU Qiang(State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology,China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 310006,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所,水稻生物学国家重点实验室,杭州310006

出　　处：《植物保护》2022年第4期165-174,共10页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家水稻产业技术体系(CARS-01-38);中国水稻研究所所级重点研发项目(CNRRI-2020-05);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202122)。

摘　　要：为发展水稻害虫的绿色防控技术,本研究采用浸渍法比较了5种微生物杀虫剂(苏云金芽胞杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis、短稳杆菌Empedobacter brevis、球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana、金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421和甘蓝夜蛾Mamestra brassicae核型多角体病毒)对3种水稻主要害虫(二化螟Chilo suppressalis、稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis和褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens)的室内毒力及致死表型。结果表明,在田间推荐中剂量处理条件下,5种药剂对稻纵卷叶螟幼虫均具有较好的速效性,处理后第2天幼虫的校正死亡率(46.7%~86.7%)就显著高于对照组(0%),第5天稻纵卷叶螟幼虫校正死亡率可达到85.7%~100%,均极显著高于二化螟的校正死亡率(4.76%~23.81%),二化螟第6天时的校正死亡率为25.0%~55.0%。对褐飞虱若虫,金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421的速效性和毒力均优于球孢白僵菌,经金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421处理后2 d的存活率与对照组有显著差异,且在第6天时的校正死亡率(76.9%)显著高于球孢白僵菌处理(53.9%)。此外,本试验还对各药剂处理后害虫的致死表型进行了观察与描述。上述结果可为稻田微生物杀虫剂的选用提供参考。To develop the green control technologies for rice pests,laboratory toxicity of five microbial insecticides(Bacillus thuringiensis,Empedobacter brevis,Beauveria bassiana,Metarhizium anisopliae strain CQMa421 and Mamestra brassicae multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus)against three major rice pests(Chilo suppressalis,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Nilaparvata lugens)and their lethal phenotypes were compared.The results showed that all five microbial insecticides had better fast-acting insecticidal activity against C.medinalis larvae at their medium recommended field concentration,and the significant differences in corrected mortalities between treatments(46.7%-86.7%)and controls(0%)occurred two days after treatment.Their corrected mortalities reached 85.7%-100%five days after treatment,which were significantly higher than the corresponding treatments for C.suppressalis(4.76%-23.81%).The corrected mortalities of C.suppressalis were 25.0%-55.0%six days after treatment.For N.lugens nymphs,M.anisopliae strain CQMa421 had better fast-acting insecticidal activity and a higher toxicity response than B.bassiana.There was a remarkable difference between M.anisopliae strain CQMa421 treatment and control after two days in the survival rate of N.lugens nymphs,and its corrected mortality(76.9%)was significantly higher than the treatment of B.bassiana(53.9%)six days after treatment.Meanwhile,the lethal phenotypes in pests were also observed and described in all toxicity bioassays.These results would provide guidelines for the scientific selection of microbial insecticides in rice paddies.

关 键 词：微生物杀虫剂 水稻害虫 毒力测定 致死表型 

分 类 号：S435.112[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]