百合地下害虫主要种类调查及生物(源)农药筛选  

Investigation of main species of underground pests of lily and screening of biological pesticides

作　　者：孟秀鹏 梁巧兰 魏列新 蔺珂 岳阳 姜玉玲 梁旭东 MENG Xiupeng;LIANG Qiaolan;WEI Liexin;LIN Ke;YUE Yang;JIANG Yuling;LIANG Xudong(College of Plant Protection,Gansu Agricultural University,Gansu Provincial Crop Disease and Pest Biological Control Engineering Laboratory,Lanzhou 730070,China;Lanzhou Qilihe District Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学植物保护学院,甘肃省农作物病虫害生物防治工程实验室,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省兰州市七里河区农业技术推广站,兰州730050

出　　处：《植物保护》2022年第4期324-335,共12页Plant Protection

基　　金：兰州市科技局项目(2018-4-78);甘肃省科技重大专项(18ZD2NA010);甘肃省农业生物技术研究与开发应用项目(GNSW-2016-25);甘肃农业大学学科建设基金(GAU-XKJS-2018-155)。

摘　　要：调查了甘肃省临洮县为害百合的地下害虫种类,并以主要发生为害种类为供试对象,采用拌土法测定了几种生物(源)农药对主要害虫的室内毒力和致死中时。调查发现小云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla gracilicornis、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis为主要发生及为害种类,不同时间发生种类存在差异,9月份以小云斑鳃金龟幼虫发生为害为主,发生量占地下害虫总数的66.16%,平均种群密度为10.48头/m^(2),10月份,则以棕色鳃金龟幼虫发生为主,发生量占地下害虫总数的96.86%,平均种群密度为7.79头/m^(2),主要取食百合根系和鳞茎,造成根系数量减少,鳞茎出现不规则褐色缺口或凹陷斑。药剂筛选结果表明,1.8%阿维菌素乳油、200亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌粉剂对两种蛴螬均具有较高的杀虫活性和速效性,药后7 d时,校正死亡率在82.22%以上,对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫和棕色鳃金龟幼虫的LC_(50)分别为0.161、0.060 mg/g和5.558×10^(7)、0.362×10^(7)孢子/g,LT_(50)分别为2.237 d(2.2 mg/g)、1.393 d(2.2 mg/g)和6.645 d(40.0×10^(7)孢子/g)、4.940 d(2.0×10^(7)孢子/g),这两种生物(源)农药对两种蛴螬的LC_(50)和LT_(50)值均略大于两种化学农药25%二嗪磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油处理的,且对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性均低于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性,致死中时则长于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的致死中时。The species of underground pests that damage lily were investigated in Lintao county,Gansu province.With the main pests as the target,indoor toxicity and median lethal time of several biological pesticides against the main pests were determined by the soil mixing method.The investigation indicated that Polyphylla gracilicornis and Holotrichia titanis were the main occurrence and damage species,and there were differences in the occurred species that at different time.In September,the main damage caused by P.gracilicornis larvae,and the occurrence accounted for 66.16%of the total number of underground pests,with the population density of 10.48 larvae/m^(2).In October,the occurrence of H.titanis larvae was dominant,and the occurrence accounted for 96.86%of the total number of underground pests,with the average population density of 7.79 larvae/m^(2).They mainly feeds on lily roots and bulbs,resulting in the number of roots reduced,and the bulbs with irregular brown nicks or sunken spots.Abamectin 1.8%EC and 20 billion spores/g Beauveria bassiana DP had high insecticidal activity and quick-acting effects on two kinds of grubs.The corrected mortality were more than 82.22%seven days after treatment,with the LC_(50) values against P.gracilicornis larvae and H.titanis larvae of 0.161,0.060 mg/g and 5.558×10^(7),0.362×10^(7) spores/g,respectively,and the LT_(50) values of 2.237 d(2.2 mg/g),1.393 d(2.2 mg/g),6.645 d(40.0×10^(7) spores/g)and 4.940 d(2.0×10^(7) spores/g),respectively.The LC_(50) and LT_(50) values of these two biological pesticides to the two grubs were slightly higher than those of the two chemical pesticides diazinon 25%EC and phoxim 40%EC.Their insecticidal activities against the P.gracilicornis larvae were lower than those against H.titanis larvae,and the median lethal time was longer than that of H.titanis larvae.

关 键 词：兰州百合 地下害虫 害虫调查 生物农药 筛选 

分 类 号：S436.44[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]