湖南省烟田杂草种群调查  

Weed population survey in tobacco fields in Hunan province

作　　者：蔡海林 谢鹏飞 翟争光 曾维爱 李建勇 赵阿娟 刘敏 CAI Hailin;XIE Pengfei;ZHAI Zhengguang;ZENG Weiai;LI Jianyong;ZHAO Ajuan;LIU Min(Changsha Branch of Hunan Tobacco Company,Changsha 410019,China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,College of Plant Protection,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省烟草公司长沙市公司,长沙410019 [2]植物病虫害生物学与防控湖南省重点实验室,湖南农业大学植物保护学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《植物保护》2022年第4期336-340,共5页Plant Protection

基　　金：湖南省烟草公司科技计划(HN2020KJ04);湖南省自然科学基金青年基金(2020JJ5237);湖南省教育厅重点项目(20A253)。

摘　　要：为了明确湖南省烟田杂草种群与分布,采用对角线五点取样法在全省烟田进行了系统调查。结果表明,烟田杂草共有30科77种,其中禾本科杂草占比14.29%,阔叶杂草占比81.82%,莎草科杂草占比3.89%;一年生杂草占比75.32%,多年生杂草占比24.68%。相对多度大于3%的杂草有铁苋菜、酸模叶蓼、稗、碎米荠、马唐、繁缕、喜旱莲子草、看麦娘、通泉草、鸭跖草、水苦荬等11种,其中铁苋菜、酸模叶蓼、稗为湖南省烟田优势杂草种群,碎米荠、马唐、繁缕、喜旱莲子草、看麦娘、通泉草、鸭跖草、水苦荬为湖南省烟田区域性优势杂草种群。湖南省烟田杂草防除主要采用苗前土壤处理和苗后茎叶处理相结合的化学防除方法,主要使用的化学除草剂是精异丙甲草胺和砜嘧磺隆。本研究结果表明,湖南省烟田杂草存在区域性差异,应因地制宜制定合适的化学防治方案。In order to clarify the main weed species and distribution,a systematic weed survey was conducted by using diagonal five-point sampling method in tobacco fields in Hunan province.The results showed that there were 77 weed species belonging to 30 families,including 14.29%of Gramineae weeds,81.82%of broad-leaf weeds and 3.89%of Cyperaceae weeds.Among the 77 weed species,annual weeds and perennial weeds accounted for 75.32%and 24.68%,respectively.The relative abundances of Acalypha australis,Polygonum lapathifolium,Echinochloa crus-galli,Cardamine hirsuta,Digitaria sanguinalis,Stellaria media,Alternanthera philoxeroides,Alopecurus aequalis,Mazus pumilus,Commelina communis and Veronica undulata were all above 3%,of which A.australis,P.lapathifolium and E.crus-galli were the dominant weed species,while Ca.hirsuta,D.sanguinalis,S.media,A.philoxeroides,A.aequalis,M.pumilus,Co.communis and V.undulata were the regional dominant weed species in tobacco fields in Hunan province.Weeds in tobacco fields of Hunan were controlled by application of pre-emergence herbicides combined with post-emergence herbicides,and the mainly used herbicides were S-metolachlor and rimsulfuron.The results indicated that there was regional difference in weed population in tobacco fields of Hunan province,and the chemical control measures should be adjusted according to local actual situations.

关 键 词：烟田 杂草 优势种群 化学防治 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]