从视觉动词到语气词——椒江话“望”的主观化  

From Visual Verb to Modal Particle:The Subjectivisation of m■^(24) in Jiaojiang Dialect

作　　者：金龙 Jin Long(Si-Mian Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities/Department of Chinese Languages and Literature,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学思勉人文高等研究院/中文系,上海200241

出　　处：《语言科学》2022年第4期365-377,共13页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目(21BYY032);教育部重点研究基地重大项目(16JJD740015)资助。

摘　　要：吴语台州片椒江话的语气词“望[m■^(0)]”可以表达两类口气功能:1)合预期、负面情绪的强肯定口气,同时表现为命令、催问口气;2)反预期的弱意外口气。文章论证指出,这个词的源头是视觉动词“望”;并通过对比其他方言中的“看”类语气词指出,该词不是来自视觉动词的尝试貌功能,而是示证功能的进一步语法化、主观化;其形成机制是句法位置和语境吸收作用下的重新分析。椒江话语气词“望”的形成过程体现了示证范畴发展的两条路径:当它传递的是说话人事先知情、预期内的信息时,会发展为强肯定语气词;当它传递的是说话人事先不知、预期外的信息时,会发展为意外语气词。The modal particle m■^(0)(望)in Jiaojiang dialect in Taizhou region has two tone functions:(1)strong affirmative tone that accords to expectation,usually containing negative emotions and having other functions like commanding or urging for the answer;(2)weak mirativity tone that counters expectation.The article argues that the origin of this modal particle is the visual verb;By comparing the“seetype”modal particles in other dialects,the paper points out that these tone functions are not derived from the attempt mood but from the further grammaticalization and subjectivisation of the evidential function.Its formation mechanism is the reanalysis of syntactic position and context absorption.The formation process of the modal particle m■^(0)(望)in Jiaojiang dialect reflects two development paths of the evidential marker:when it conveys the information that the speaker knows in advance or expects,it develops into a strong affirmative modal particle;when it conveys the unexpected information that the speaker doesn’t know in advance,it develops into a mirativity modal particle.

关 键 词：视觉动词 语气词 示证 肯定 意外 主观化 

分 类 号：H173[语言文字—汉语]