脯氨酸作为细胞冷冻保护剂的研究进展  

Research progress of proline as cryoprotectant

作　　者：覃清圆 刘涛[1] 曲江雪 刘东明[1] 张小为[1] 严杰[1] Qin Qingyuan;Liu Tao;Qu Jiangxue;Liu Dongming;Zhang Xiaowei;Yan Jie(Center for Reproductive Medicine,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Peking University Third Hospital,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学第三医院妇产科生殖医学中心,北京100191

出　　处：《中华生殖与避孕杂志》2022年第2期213-217,共5页Chinese Journal of Reproduction and Contraception

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1002004)。

摘　　要：细胞冷冻保存应用广泛,但冷冻会损伤细胞导致代谢紊乱,而冷冻保护剂可缓解该过程。脯氨酸是一种渗透性冷冻保护剂,可快速透过细胞膜进入细胞内,与细胞内水氢键结合抑制低温下冰晶形成,同时可与细胞内水结合减少细胞内水流失,保护细胞内蛋白质的结构和功能,保护细胞膜。脯氨酸可提高植物、动物及人类体细胞冷冻复苏后存活率。在生殖细胞冷冻中,研究表明脯氨酸可用于卵母细胞冷冻,可提高小鼠卵母细胞冷冻后存活率及保护线粒体功能,但其对于精子的冷冻效果报道尚不一致。脯氨酸冷冻保护剂涉及多种细胞类型且冷冻效果较强,其未来可能更广泛应用于低温生物学领域。本文总结了脯氨酸作为天然小分子冷冻保护剂的应用研究进展,希望能够帮助人们更好地了解生殖细胞冻存的低温生物学机制,为改良生育力冷冻保存技术提供参考。Though cells are easily damaged and performed metabolic disorders in freezing-thawing process,cryoprotectant can relief the injure,which is widely used in the field of cell frozen biology.As one of osmotic cryoprotectants,in freezing process,proline can penetrate through cell membrane quickly,bind intracellular water hydrogen bonds,inhibit formation of ice crystals at low temperatures,protect structure and function of proteins and cell membranes.It can increase the survival rate in plant cells,animal cells and human somatic cells post freezing-thawing.In germ cell cryopreservation,studies have shown that proline can be used for oocyte cryopreservation,which can improve the survival rate of mouse oocytes after cryopreservation and protect mitochondrial function.However,the reports about the cryopreservation efficiency of proline on sperm are not consistent.By improving the efficiency of cryopreservation in various kinds of cells,proline may be more widely used in the area of cell freezing biology in the future.This paper summarizes the research progress of proline as a natural small molecule cryoprotectant,hoping to help people better understand the cryobiological mechanism of germ cell cryopreservation,and provide a reference for improving fertility cryopreservation technology.

关 键 词：脯氨酸 冷冻保护剂 卵母细胞 

分 类 号：R965[医药卫生—药理学]