Superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers and their applications  

作　　者：Wen Zhang Wei Miao Yuan Ren Kang-Ming Zhou Sheng-Cai Shi 

机构地区：[1]Purple Mountain Observatory(PMO),Chinese Academy of Sciences,10 Yuanhua Road,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023,China

出　　处：《Superconductivity》2022年第2期7-16,共10页超导（英文）

基　　金：supported partly by NSFC under Grants U1831202,U1731119,U1931123,11773083,and 11873099;the National Key R&D Program of China under Grants 2017YFA0304003 and 2018YFA0404701,CAS under Grants QYZDJ-SSW-SLH043 and GJJSTD20180003;Jiangsu Province under Grant BRA2020411.

摘　　要：Superconducting hot electron bolometer(HEB)mixers are the most sensitive heterodyne detectors at frequencies beyond 1 THz,and are used for many astronomical observations.HEB,consisting of a narrow and short superconducting thin film patch connected to an antenna via contact pads,is brought into a highly sensitive operating regime by applying a DC current and a certain amount of local-oscillator power.Potentially,superconducting HEB mixers are capable of exhibiting high sensitivity for frequencies up to several tens of THz,as their output noise and conversion gain are nearly frequency independent according to the mixing mechanism.Moreover,the understanding of mixing mechanism has evolved over time from lumped-element model to distributed hot-spot model.In this review,we provide an overview of theoretical and experimental studies on HEBs and their applications,especially in astronomical observations on ground,airborne and space telescopes.

关 键 词：Hot electron bolometer Non-equilibrium superconductivity Phonon cooling Diffusion cooling 

分 类 号：P31[天文地球—固体地球物理学]