基于无人机遥感技术的广东内伶仃岛植被类型划分与植被图  

Vegetation classification and vegetation map of Neilingding Island in Guangdong Province based on UAV remote sensing technology

作　　者：乔雪婷 张娟娟 李文斌 佟森 李步杭 杨琼[3] 徐华林[3] 陈婷 余世孝[1,2] QIAO Xueting;ZHANG Juanjuan;LI Wenbin;TONG Sen;LI Buhang;YANG Qiong;XU Hualin;CHEN Ting;YU Shixiao(School of Life Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen,Shenzhen 518057,China;Guangdong Neilingding-Futian National Nature Reserve,Shenzhen 518040,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学生命科学学院,广东广州510275 [2]中山大学深圳研究院,广东深圳518057 [3]广东内伶仃福田国家级自然保护区管理局,广东深圳518040

出　　处：《中山大学学报（自然科学版）（中英文）》2022年第4期22-30,共9页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni

基　　金：深圳市知识创新计划基础研究项目(基20180285);深圳市城市管理局科研资助项目(201802);广东省自然科学基金(2021A1515010641)。

摘　　要：内伶仃岛植被,由于自然保护区的建立而得以迅速恢复。对其植被现状进行类型划分并绘制高精度植被图,对于保护区的科学管理具有重要的指导意义。本研究基于无人机技术所获取的全岛遥感影像,结合1个15 hm2大样地和113个100 m^(2)样地以及全岛踏查的317个样点的实地调查,对内伶仃岛的植被类型进行了划分,并绘制数字植被图,主要结果如下:(1)内伶仃岛主要的自然植被类型包括南亚热带常绿阔叶林、南亚热带针阔叶混交林、南亚热带常绿灌丛、南亚热带竹林,并伴有滨海砂生灌草丛、红树林分布;(2)南亚热带常绿阔叶林为该区域的气候顶极群落类型,占全岛植被分布面积的46.97%,居绝对优势地位,群落中优势物种破布叶Microcos paniculata和血桐Macaranga tanarius等均为内伶仃岛重点保护对象猕猴Macaca mulatta的主要食源植物;红树林退化明显,仅在东湾咀东侧和黑沙湾东侧海岸边有小面积分布,主要树种为蜡烛果Aegiceras corniculatum;(3)人工植被类型主要有台湾相思Acacia confusa、血桐、木麻黄Casuarina equisetifolia、幌伞枫Heteropanax fragrans、椰子Cocos nucifera和海滨木槿Hibiscus hamabo,以及荔枝Litchi chinensis和龙眼Dimocarpus longan等经济果林类型分布,其中台湾相思林为最主要人工植被,植被分布面积达29.80%,也是猕猴的最主要食源植物之一;(4)微甘菊Mikania micrantha和刺果藤Byttneria grandifolia分别为该岛屿最主要的外来入侵植物和本地有害植物,是除猕猴以外,影响岛内植被变化的重要胁迫因子,虽长期进行人工及化学防除,仍蔓延严重。通过无人机遥感影像技术和地面调查手段对内伶仃岛全岛植被进行精准复核,二者相互补充,为岛屿植被调查与植被制图提供了新的手段和思路,运用地理信息系统绘制的数字化植被图,将为保护区提出合理、科学的植被保护策略和进行信息化管理提供重要依据The establishment of the Neilingding Island Nature Reserve has gradually restored the vegetation on the island.In this paper,the vegetation of Neilingding Island,which belongs to Guangdong Neilingding Island-Futian National Nature Reserve,was taken as the research object.Based on the remote sensing images obtained by UAV technology,combined with the field investigation,vegetation types on Neilingding Island were classified and the vegetation map was drawn.Four main results were obtained:(1)The main natural vegetation types include the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest,the subtropical coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest,the subtropical evergreen shrub,the subtropical bamboo forest.In addition,the coastal sand shrub,mangrove also distribute in this island.(2)The subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest is the climatic climax in this region,accounting for 46.97% of the vegetation distribution area,and occupies the absolute dominant position.Microcos paniculata and Macaranga tanarius,the dominant species in the community,are the main food source plants for Macaca mulatta,the main protected species on Neilingding Island.In mangrove,only a small area of Aegiceras corniculatum was found on the east Dongwanzui and the east coast of Heishawan.(3)The main types of artificial vegetation are:Acacia confusa,Macaranga tanarius,Cathuarina equisetifolia,Heteropanax fragrans,Cocos nucifera,Hibiscus hamabo,Litchi chinensis and Dimocarpus longan,Acacia confusa is the most important artificial vegetation.It accounts for 29.80% of the vegetation distribution area,and is also one of the main food sources of Macaca mulatta.(4)Mikania micrantha and Byttneria grandifolia are the main invasive plants on Neilingding Island.They result in a serious vegetation degradation.Despite manual removal and chemical control,they are still wreak havoc on this island every year.UAV remote sensing image provides new means and ideas for island vegetation survey and mapping,and the digital vegetation map drawn by GIS can provide important sc

关 键 词：内伶仃岛 无人机遥感影像 植被分类 植被型 自然植被 人工植被 植被制图 

分 类 号：Q948.152[生物学—植物学]