国际法庭管辖权争议中的谈判义务  

The Obligation to Negotiate in Disputes concerning the Jurisdiction of International Tribunals

作　　者：宋岩 SONG Yan

机构地区：[1]外交学院国际法系

出　　处：《国际法学刊》2022年第2期79-97,156,共20页Journal of International Law

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金项目“国际法院管辖权的初步反对程序研究”(19FXC018)支持。

摘　　要：在近期的案件中,当事方多次主张谈判义务以反对国际法庭的管辖权。争议问题主要集中于当事方有无义务进行谈判、谈判义务与国际法庭管辖权的关系、谈判义务的要求以及谈判解决争端的可能性。关于谈判义务的建立及其对国际法庭管辖权的限制,当事方的意图至关重要,为此国际法庭主要考虑当事方之间的明示协议或相关行为。关于谈判义务的履行,关键是当事方是否对争端的主要问题真实地尝试讨论以便解决争端。为了判断谈判解决争端的可能性,国际法庭客观衡量当事方的相关声明和行为,特别是它们是否持续坚持各自的主张而拒绝妥协。总体而言,谈判义务的创设和履行主要取决于当事方的意图,国际法上的形式要求较少,并且不要求当事方一定通过谈判达成协议。因此,当事方通常不难满足谈判义务的要求,该义务对国际法庭管辖权造成的实际限制较为有限。In recent cases,the Parties have repeatedly challenged the jurisdiction of international tribunals on the ground of the obligation to negotiate.Controversial issues are mainly about whether the Parties have an obligation to negotiate,its relations to the jurisdiction of international tribunals,the requirements of the obligation,and its possibility for the settlement of the dispute.Regarding the establishment of the obligation to negotiate and its restrictions to the jurisdiction of international tribunals,the intention of the Parties is crucial,for which the international tribunals would take into account the express agreement between the Parties as well as their relevant conducts.As for the performance of the obligation to negotiate,the key issue is whether the Parties have genuinely attempted to discuss the subject matter of the dispute with a view to resolve it.In order to ascertain the possibility of negotiation for the settlement of disputes,international tribunals make objective assessment of the relevant statements and conducts of the Parties,especially whether they have insisted on their respective position consistently and refused to compromise.In general,the intentions of the Parties are crucial to the establishment and performance of the obligation to negotiate,and there are fewer formal requirements in international law,especially the Parties are not obliged to reach an agreement through negotiation.Therefore,it is not difficult for the Parties to fulfill the requirement of this obligation,which could pose limited challenges to the jurisdiction of international tribunals in practice.

关 键 词：谈判 国际法庭 管辖权 争端解决 

分 类 号：D994[政治法律—国际法学]