虎杖叶斑病病原菌的鉴定、生物学特性及其有效杀菌剂研究  

Identification,biological characteristics,and screening of effective fungicides of Phoma rhei causing leaf spot on Polygonum cuspidatum

作　　者：刘自华 张泽志 苗玉焕 朱成姗 刘大会 陈运中 刘义梅 LIU Zi-hua;ZHANG Ze-zhi;MIAO Yu-huan;ZHU Cheng-shan;LIU Da-hui;CHEN Yun-zhong;LIU Yi-mei(Pharmacy Faculty,Hubei University of Chinese Medicine,Wuhan 430065,China;Shiyan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shiyan 422000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北中医药大学药学院,湖北武汉430065 [2]十堰市农业科学院,湖北十堰422000

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2022年第12期3185-3191,共7页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1701003);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BCB039)。

摘　　要：在湖北省十堰市房县虎杖种植基地调查发现虎杖叶斑病发生,为明确其病原菌种类及其发病规律,该研究根据科赫法则对虎杖叶斑病病原菌进行分离、纯化,测定病原菌致病性并研究其生物学特性。同时,采用菌丝生长速率法测定11种杀菌剂对该菌的抑制作用,筛选出合适的防控药物。结果表明,从虎杖染病叶片上分离出的病菌经分离筛选、形态鉴定及分子生物学鉴定,确定为大黄茎点霉Phoma rhei。其菌落形态、显微特征与Ph.rhei基本一致;且rDNA-ITS、TEF基因序列与Ph.rhei的同源性分别达到99.96%、99.43%。病原菌Ph.rhei最佳的生长温度为25℃,pH为7~10时生长状况较好,全黑暗或全光照的环境更适合该病原菌生长;杀菌剂筛选结果表明,0.3%丁子香酚、250 g·L^(-1)丙环唑、33.5%喹啉铜对该病原菌具有显著的抑制效果,EC_(50)分别为57.54、59.58、88.69μg·mL^(-1),丁子香酚为植物源杀菌剂,可作为绿色环保杀菌剂作用于虎杖叶斑病防治中。该研究首次报道虎杖叶斑病病原菌为大黄茎点霉Ph.rhei,对该致病菌进行了生物学特性研究及室内药剂筛选,为生产上虎杖叶斑病防治提供了理论依据。Severe leaf spot on Polygonum cuspidatum was found in the planting base of P.cuspidatum in Fangxian county,Shiyan of Hubei province.To clarify the types of pathogens and their pathogenesis,the present study isolated and purified the pathogen of leaf spot disease of P.cuspidatum according to Koch′s postulates,determined the pathogenicity of the pathogen,and investigated its biological characteristics.Meanwhile,the inhibitory effects of 11 types of fungicides on the bacteria were determined according to the mycelium growth rate,and suitable prevention and control drugs were selected.The results showed that the pathogen isolated from the diseased leaves of P.cuspidatum was Phoma rhei by morphological and molecular identification.The colony morphology and microscopic characteristics were the same as those of Ph.rhei.The homology of rDNA-ITS and TEF gene sequences with Ph.rhei reached 99.96%and 99.43%,respectively.The optimal growth temperature of Ph.rhei was 25℃,and the optimal pH was 7^(-1)0.Furthermore,Ph.rhei grew faster under dark or light conditions.In fungicides,0.3%eugenol,250 g·L^(-1)propiconazole,and 33.5%quinoline copper had significant inhibitory effects on the pathogen with EC_(50)values of 57.54,59.58,88.69μg·mL^(-1),respectively.Eugenol is a botanical fungicide,which can be used as a green and environmentally friendly fungicide in the prevention and control of P.cuspidatum.This study reported for the first time that the pathogen of P.cuspidatum leaf spot was Ph.rhei.investigated the biological characteristics of the pathogen,and screened the indoor chemicals,which provided a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of P.cuspidatum leaf spot in production.

关 键 词：虎杖 叶斑病 Phoma rhei 药剂筛选 

分 类 号：S435.672[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]