昆剧传习所之功首先属于谁--论民国知识阶层对昆曲文化保存的主动性追求  

Who is the Greatest Contributor to Kunju Learning Institute:On the Intellectuals’Initiative in Pursuit of the Preservation of Kunqu Culture during the Republican Period

作　　者：邹青 ZOU Qing

机构地区：[1]东南大学艺术学院 [2]江苏第二师范学院文学院

出　　处：《戏剧艺术》2022年第2期105-120,共16页Theatre Arts

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金青年项目“百年江苏校园昆曲教育研究”(20YSC006)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在“演员为中心”的昆曲史研究视角下,昆剧传习所的文化传承之功主要归于“传”字辈艺人。然而揆诸史实,就会发现并理解“传”字辈艺人的“被动性”,并关注到更具“主动性”的民国知识阶层:他们对昆曲文化价值加以独立判断,视昆曲传承为社会责任,进而将这种文化自觉意识转化为人才培育过程中的文化主导思维;他们作为“清醒的理想主义者”,在彼时文化保存与艺人生存的矛盾中反复权衡、尽力周全,以持续、具体、全面的扶持行动竭力延续“传”字辈艺人的艺术生命。因此,昆剧传习所文化传承之功应首先属于更具主动性的知识阶层。这也启示我们:只有破除演员为中心的惯性思维,才能更加客观地审视百年昆曲史;只有秉持文化思维在昆曲传承工作中的主导性地位,才能更好地保护这一文化遗产。In the“actor-centered”research on the history of Kunqu,the artists of“Chuan”generation are generally taken as the main contributors to cultural inheritance of Kunqu.But if we take a look at the historical facts,we will find and understand the“passivity”of these artists and notice the more“active”intellectual class during the Republican period.They made an independent judgment on the cultural value of Kunqu,took the inheritance of Kunqu as their social responsibility,and then turned this cultural consciousness into a recognition of the leading role of culture in artist cultivation.As“sober idealists”,they repeatedly weighed and tried to strike a balance between culture preservation and the artists’livelihood at that time,trying their best to prolong the artistic life of the“Chuan”generation with support that was sustained,specific and comprehensive.Therefore,the greatest contributor to cultural inheritance of Kunju Learning Institute,was the more active intellectual class.We are also inspired that only when we break away from the actor-centered convention can the history of Kunqu in the past hundred years be more objectively examined,and that only when we put the cultural consciousness at the center of Kunqu inheritance can this cultural heritage be better protected.

关 键 词：民国昆曲教育 知识阶层 主动性追求 昆剧传习所 

分 类 号：J80[艺术—戏剧戏曲]