广场绿化形式及其植物景观特征的热环境效应实测分析  

Field Observation and Analysis on Effects of Greening Form and Its Plant Landscape Characteristics on Thermal Environment in Square

作　　者：姜丽娟 成雅田 程维金 林姚宇 吴昌广[1] JIANG Lijuan;CHENG Yatian;CHENG Weijin;LIN Yaoyu;WU Changguang(College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Wuhan Forestry Station,Wuhan 430010,China;School of Architecture,Harbin Institute of Technology,Shenzhen 518055,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学园艺林学学院,武汉430070 [2]武汉市林业工作站,武汉430010 [3]哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)建筑学院,深圳518055

出　　处：《建筑科学》2022年第6期52-58,110,共8页Building Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“基于通风效能模拟的城市绿色空间形态与布局研究——以武汉为例”(31670705);武汉市园林和林业局科技计划“武汉都市发展区“蓝绿空间”对局地气候环境的影响评估及规划调控策略研究”(2019A01);中央高校基本科研业务费“基于城市热环境调控的绿色基础设施优化机制研究”(2662017JC037)。

摘　　要：为综合分析高温天气条件下广场不同绿化模式、植物景观特征对热环境的日夜间影响规律,本文在2020年8月31日7:00—22:00对华中农业大学校园广场进行小气候环境实地监测,比较分析了硬质铺装、水体景观、规则树阵、疏林草地4类绿化形式空间小气候因子和热舒适度的变化趋势,并探讨了不同围合形式植物景观的热舒适性差异及影响因子。结果表明:1)广场不同绿化形式对全天的空气温湿度影响较小,但对风速、黑球温度的影响较大且存在日夜差异,是影响广场不同空间生理等效温度(PET)差异的主要小气候因子;2)4类绿化形式空间热舒适性在日间存在较大差异,规则树阵、疏林草地、水体景观与硬质铺装相比,日间平均PET降幅分别为8.85℃、5.50℃、2.48℃,但从全天热可接受时间占比来看,硬质铺装空间则略高于水体景观空间;3)植物景观围合空间对PET的调控能力主要受乔木覆盖度影响,其中覆盖型、垂直型日间热舒适性要显著优于半开敞型、开敞型、无植物型,而在夜间不同植物景观围合空间的热舒适性差异较小,且覆盖型要略低于其它4类。该研究成果可为热环境优化视角下的广场植物景观优化设计提供科学依据。The main purpose of this research is to explore the influence of greening form and its plant landscape characteristics on thermal environment during the daytime and nighttime under high temperature condition.The microclimate of four types of space,including rigid pavement space,water landscape space,regular tree array and open forest and grassland,was investigated through field observation from 7:00 to 22:00 on August 31,2020 in the campus square of Huazhong Agricultural University.Based on the collected microclimate data,the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature(PET) was calculated to analyze the thermal comfort degree of these spaces.Besides,the effect of plant landscape enclosure form and its influencing factors on thermal comfort in the square were discussed.The results demonstrated that different greening forms of the square had little influence on the air temperature and humidity throughout the day,but they had a great impact on the wind speed and globe temperature,which were the main microclimate factors affecting the difference of PET in different spaces of the square.Consequently,there were great differences in the thermal comfort of these spaces during daytime.Compared with the rigid pavement space,the average daytime PET reduction of regular tree array,open forest and grassland,water landscape space were 8.85 ℃,5.50 ℃,and 2.48 ℃,respectively.However,the thermal comfort of rigid pavement space was slightly better than that of water landscape space in terms of the thermal acceptable time proportion.Furthermore,the mitigation ability of plant landscape with different enclosure forms on PET was mainly affected by the coverage of trees.During the daytime,the thermal comfort of covering type and vertical type was better than the open type and semi-open type.However,the thermal comfort of the five types of spaces was a little different at night,and the thermal comfort of the covering type was slightly lower than those of the other four types.It is hoped that this research could provide scientific evide

关 键 词：广场 绿化形式 植物景观特征 生理等效温度 热舒适 

分 类 号：TU831[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]