广州口袋公园冬季使用率与热环境敏感性分析  

Sensitivity Analysis of Pocket Parks Utilization Rate and Thermal Environment in Winter of Guangzhou

作　　者：刘文静 孟庆林[1] 汪俊松[1] LIU Wenjing;MENG Qinglin;WANG Junsong(State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室,广东广州510641

出　　处：《建筑科学》2022年第6期59-69,共11页Building Science

基　　金：亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室开放课题“粤港澳大湾区基于人群使用特点的城市口袋公园热环境评价及优化方法研究”(2021ZB20);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目“湿热地区透水铺装热湿性能对室外热环境的调节机理研究”(52008173);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目“湿热地区全要素气象条件下透水铺装热质耦合传递对城市街区微气候的调控机理研究”(2022A1515010788)。

摘　　要：口袋公园有助于提升高密度城区环境品质,但目前许多口袋公园出现了形象与实用性脱节的现象,空间活力不足,理清公园使用率与热环境之间的关系,有助于提高室外空间可持续性发展水平。本文将广州口袋公园分为交通型、居住型和商业商务型3类,在热环境状况变化较大的冬季对3个公园进行了热环境测试和使用情况统计,利用相关分析得到热环境对使用率影响的敏感性。结果表明,口袋公园冬季使用率总体与热环境存在显著相关性,热环境对居住型公园使用率影响最大,对商业商务型公园影响次之,对交通型公园无显著影响。居住型公园使用率受空气温度影响最大,受相对湿度影响最小。商业商务型公园使用率受空气温度、黑球温度和相对湿度的影响较大,几乎不受风速影响。敏感性因素中,使用率与空气温度、黑球温度、WBGT呈正相关,与风速、相对湿度呈负相关。文章基于各类公园的区位和形态特征提出,相比天空可视因子,太阳直射时长可以更准确地预测口袋公园的冬季热环境状况。Pocket parks can enhance the environmental quality of high-density urban areas,but many pocket parks currently show a disconnect between image and practicality,with insufficient spatial itality.Therefore,a thorough understanding of the relationship between park utilization rate and thermal environment is essential to improve the sustainability of outdoor public space.This paper first classified the pocket parks of Guangzhou into three types,i.e.,traffic type,residential type,and commercial type;afterwards,the thermal environment measurements and usage surveys of various parks were carried out in the winter when the weather changes greatly,and the impact of thermal environment on the utilization rate was analyzed.The results show that there is a significant correlation between the utilization rate of pocket parks and thermal environment in winter.The utilization rate of residential parks is most affected by the thermal environment,followed by commercial parks,while there is no significant correlation between the utilization rate of traffic parks and thermal environment.The utilization rate of residential parks is most affected by air temperature while least affected by relative humidity.The utilization rate of commercial parks is greatly affected by air temperature,black bulb temperature,and relative humidity,while it is little affected by wind speed.Among the sensitive factors,the utilization rate is positively correlated with air temperature,black bulb temperature,and WBGT,and negatively correlated with wind speed and relative humidity.Based on the location and morphological characteristics of various parks,this paper confirms that compared with the sky visible factor,the duration of direct sunlight can predict the winter thermal environment condition of pocket parks more accurately.

关 键 词：口袋公园 冬季使用率 敏感性 热环境 

分 类 号：TU831[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]