街区尺度城市形态因子对建筑能耗影响的模拟研究  

Simulation Analysis of the Impact of Urban Morphological Factors on Building Energy Consumption at the Block-scale

作　　者：姜之点 杨峰[1,2] JIANG Zhidian;YANG Feng(College of Architecture and Urban Planning,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy-Saving Study of Dense Habitat,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,上海200092 [2]高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《建筑科学》2022年第6期140-149,共10页Building Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“长三角高密度城区垂直绿化系统(VGS)空间绩效图谱研究”(52178022)。

摘　　要：已有研究表明,优化城市形态有助于实现建筑节能,但鲜有探讨街区尺度建筑集群能耗的时空分布特征及其与城市形态因子之间的定量关系。研究基于UMI模型对上海市具有不同形态特征的8个典型居住样区进行了能耗模拟与分析。结果显示,城市形态通过影响建筑通风和遮荫状况,作用于街区内对流及辐射热交换过程,进而导致建筑能耗差异。由样区内建筑分布差异引起的全年总能耗最大差值为3.5×10^(5) kW·h,各样区间的全年单位建筑面积能耗(Energy Use Intensity,EUI)最大差异为16.2 kW·h/m^(2);各项形态因子中,体形系数、建筑密度和天空视域系数与EUI呈正相关;而容积率、平均建筑高度和高宽比与EUI为负相关。从控制单一形态因子考虑,高度增加16 m或密度降低14%可实现5%的建筑节能(以全年EUI为标准)。总体上,中层建筑区的全年总能耗和EUI均处在较低水平,为节能效益最优的城市形态类型。研究结果有利于加深对不同城市设计策略达成建筑节能目标的认识,并为环境可持续城市空间设计提供参考。Previous studies have shown that optimizing the urban morphology helps to achieve building energy saving,but few studies have discussed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of energy consumption of building clusters at the block-scale and their quantitative relationship with urban form factors.This study is based on UMI model to simulate and analyze the energy consumption of eight typical plots(local climate zone) with different morphologies in Shanghai.The results indicate that the urban form can cause changes in the meteorological environment such as the exchange of cool and heat sources,solar radiation,etc.by affecting the ventilation and shading of the buildings,which in turn leads to differences in energy consumption.The maximum difference in total energy consumption due to differences in the distribution of buildings within the block is 3.5×10~5 kW·h,and the maximum difference in yearly energy use intensity(EUI) of each block is 16.2 kW·h/m~2.Among the morphological factors,building shape factor,building density and sky view factor are positively correlated with EUI;while the floor area ratio,average building height and height-to-width are negatively correlated with EUI.Considering the control of a single factor,an increase of 16 m in height or a decrease of 14% in density can achieve 5% of building energy saving(based on EUI).In general,the total energy consumption and the EUI of the buildings in the compact low-rise and the open middle-rise building area are both at a low level,which is the most suitable type of urban form for building energy efficiency.The results of the study are conducive to an in-depth understanding of different strategies to achieve energy efficiency,and can provide a basis for environmentally sustainable urban space designs.

关 键 词：街区尺度 局地气候区 UMI模型 城市形态 全年总能耗 单位建筑面积能耗EUI 

分 类 号：TU111.[建筑科学—建筑理论]