寒地商业步行街微气候热舒适与人群行为相关性研究——以哈尔滨中央大街为例  

Study on the Correlation between Microclimate Thermal Comfort and Crowd Behavior of Commercial Pedestrian Street in Cold Region——An Example of Harbin Central Street

作　　者：孙澄[1,2] 罗西贝妮 刘蕾 SUN Cheng;LUO Xibeini;LIU Lei(School of Architecture,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,Heilongjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Harbin 150001,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [2]寒地城乡人居环境科学与技术工业和信息化部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《建筑科学》2022年第6期240-249,共10页Building Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“基于热适应行为的寒地城市住宅室内热环境调控机理及优化设计研究——以哈尔滨市为例”(52008129)。

摘　　要：商业步行街是城市人流汇集的街道之一,对提升人居环境品质具有重大意义。研究以哈尔滨中央大街为例,通过现场微气候实测、人群行为注记、问卷调查、SPSS数理统计等方法,对寒地商业步行街微气候热舒适与人群行为活动进行了关联性分析。并引入通用热气候指数(UTCI),通过问卷结果得到寒地商业步行街全年热可接受范围在-4.7~22.6℃,对比于寒地其他功能空间,寒地商业步行街的无热应力范围更宽,人群承受冷应力能力更强。微气候热舒适对中、高密度人群影响最大,UTCI及气候因子对休憩行为控制能力最高。平均辐射温度、空气温度是影响人群数量的主要微气候因素。平均辐射温度与社会行为(静坐休息、聊天、驻足、交往等)成正向线性相关(R^(2)=0.614),与商业行为(商业观览、商业驻足等)成二次相关(R^(2)=0.524),在36.2℃时人群行为总量达到最高。空气温度与商业(R^(2)=0.418)、社会行为(R^(2)=0.569)成正向线性相关。商业与社会行为在夏季与过渡季综合舒适度差异不明显,在冬季差异较大,平均相差达0.4,进行商业行为的受试者比进行社会行为的受试者在冬季更趋向舒适。Commercial pedestrian street is one of the places where people gather in the city.It is of great significance to improve the quality of human living environment.Taking Central Street of Harbin as an example,this study analyzed the correlation between thermal comfort of microclimate and crowd behavior through field measurement,crowd behavior annotation,questionnaire survey,SPSS mathematical statistics and other methods.The general thermal climate index(UTCI) was introduced.Through the questionnaire results,it was found that the annual thermal acceptable range of commercial pedestrian streets in cold region was-4.7~22.6 ℃.Compared with other functional spaces in cold region,commercial pedestrian streets in cold region had a wider thermal stress-free range,and people could better adapt to cold stress.Microclimate thermal comfort has the greatest influence on middle and high density population,UTCI and climate factors have the highest control ability on rest behavior.The average radiation temperature and air temperature are the main microclimatic factors that affect the population size.The average radiation temperature has a positive linear correlation(R~2=0.614) with social behaviors(sitting,chatting,stopping,interacting,etc.),and a quadratic correlation(R~2=0.524) with commercial behaviors(commercial observation,commercial stopping,etc.).The total number of crowd behaviors reaches the maximum at 36.2 ℃.There was a positive linear correlation between air temperature and business(R~2=0.418) and social behavior(R~2=0.569).There is no significant difference in the comprehensive comfort of commercial and social behaviors in summer and transition season,but there is a large difference in winter,with an average difference of 0.4.Subjects engaging in commercial behaviors tend to be more comfortable in winter than those engaging in social behaviors.

关 键 词：寒地商业步行街 热舒适 人群行为 通用热气候指数 

分 类 号：TU831[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]