根系分泌物在作物多样性体系中对种间地下部互作的介导作用  

Interspecific below-ground interactions driven by root exudates in agroecosys-tems with diverse crops

作　　者：尹晓童 杨浩 于瑞鹏 李隆[1] YIN Xiaotong;YANG Hao;YU Ruipeng;LI Long(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Plant Soil Interactions,Chinese Min-istry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院/植物-土壤相互作用教育部重点实验室/生物多样性与有机农业北京市重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2022年第8期1215-1227,共13页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(32130067);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(32101297)资助。

摘　　要：根系分泌物介导植物种间的地下部相互作用在生物多样性-生态系统功能关系中发挥着重要作用。本文综述了在作物多样性种植体系中,根系分泌物介导的种间相互作用及其机制。具体包括:作物的根系分泌物能够活化土壤难溶性养分,有利于自身和相邻植物的养分吸收;粮食作物与超累积植物间作,根系分泌物中有机酸含量改变,促进超富集作物对重金属的吸收,降低粮食作物对重金属的吸收;作物多样性通过改变根系分泌物的种类和组成,调控微生物群落结构,减少病原菌;信号物质介导的物种间相互识别作用,引起相邻植物一系列的表型可塑性和生理响应,比如化感物质会抑制相邻植物,抑制杂草的萌芽和生长。与此同时,新方法的引入和学科间的交叉,为未来根系分泌物在作物多样性体系中的研究和应用提供了新的手段、角度和方向。这些进展有助于通过利用不同物种根分泌物和信号物质,实现种间促进作用来提高资源利用率,降低病虫和杂草发生危害,减少化肥农药的投入,为构建可持续的农业生态系统提供理论依据。Interspecific interactions mediated by root exudates play an important role in biodiversity-ecosystem functioning(BEF)relationships.We reviewed and explained the advances in interspecific root-root interactions mediated by root exudates in agroecosystems with crop diversification,and highlighted the following:root exudates mobilize insoluble nutrients in the soil,facilitating the up-take of nutrients by the crop and neighboring plants;the increased accumulation of heavy metals by hyperaccumulating plants can reduce the accumulation of heavy metals in associated food crops;alteration of soil microbial community mediated by root exudates from one species can reduce the pathogens in the other crop species;root exudates,as signal substances,also play important roles in mediating the root-root recognition and plasticity response between species;for example,field weeds can be suppressed by root exudates from intercropped allelopathy plants with field crops.In addition,we highlighted some perspectives on practical applications and new methods of research on root exudates in crop diversification systems.These advances provide a theoretical basis for building sustainable agricultural ecosystems by matching the root secretions and signaling substances of different crop species,improving resource utilization,reducing pests and diseases through enhanced interspecific facilitation,and reducing fertilizer and pesticide inputs owing to suppression of weeds through allelopathic effects.

关 键 词：根系分泌物 生物多样性 种间相互作用 资源竞争 土壤微生物 重金属毒害 土传病害 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]