高丹草“土-草-畜”界面的氮素运移规律  

Nitrogen migration along the soil-forage-livestock interface for Sorghum bicolor×S.sudanense

作　　者：李源[1] 赵海明[1] 游永亮[1] 武瑞鑫[1] 刘贵波[1] 杨志敏 祖晓伟 LI Yuan;ZHAO Haiming;YOU Yongliang;WU Ruixin;LIU Guibo;YANG Zhimin;ZU Xiaowei(Dryland Farming Institute,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory for Crop Drought Resistance of Hebei Province,Hengshui 053000,China;Zhangjiakou Agricultural Academy,Zhangjiakou 075000,China;Hebei Provincial Animal Husbandry Station,Shijiazhuang 050030,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所/河北省农作物抗旱研究重点实验室,衡水053000 [2]张家口市农业科学院,张家口075000 [3]河北省畜牧总站,石家庄050030

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2022年第8期1249-1257,共9页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34);河北省农林科学院青年创新团队建设专项经费(F17R01)资助。

摘　　要：探讨施入氮在高丹草“土-草-畜”界面的运移规律,为合理施肥提供理论依据。试验采用^(15)N同位素标记法,设置0 kg∙hm^(−2)(CK)、90 kg∙hm^(−2)(N90)、180 kg∙hm^(−2)(N180)、270 kg∙hm^(−2)(N_(2)70)、360 kg∙hm^(−2)(N360)等^(15)N施肥处理,分析了不同施肥处理下高丹草主要农艺性状的变化以及“土-草”界面施入氮的植物利用率、土壤残留率、损失率、茎叶分配率,“草-畜”界面肉羊、奶牛对施入氮的消化率、利用率、残留率的变化。结果表明,N180处理下的总干草产量显著高于CK和N90处理(P<0.05),与N_(2)70和N360处理无显著差异;“土-草”界面,N180处理下施入氮的植物利用率、土壤残留率最高,损失率最低,与N360处理差异显著(P<0.05),与其他处理无显著差异;“草-畜”界面,N180处理下肉羊对施入氮的利用率显著高于N360处理(P<0.05),与其他处理无显著差异,N180处理下奶牛对施入氮的利用率最高,但与其他处理间无显著差异。施入氮在高丹草“土-草”界面的运移规律为:土壤残留25.22%,高丹草吸收23.95%,损失50.83%;高丹草茎、叶部位对施入氮的分配规律表现为:叶(54.35%)>茎(45.65%)。^(15)N标记高丹草被反刍动物消化后,综合得出,施入氮在高丹草“土-草-畜(肉羊)”界面施入氮的运移规律为:土壤残留25.22%,高丹草残留4.49%,肉羊吸收19.46%,损失50.83%;在“土-草-畜(奶牛)”界面的运移规律为:土壤残留25.22%,高丹草残留5.78%,奶牛吸收18.17%,损失50.83%。研究结果揭示了氮素在高丹草“土-草-畜”界面的运移规律,可为高丹草合理施肥及草畜转化研究提供理论依据。In this paper,we discussed the nitrogen migration rule of the soil-forage-livestock interfaces for Sorghum bicolor×S.sudanense to provide a theoretical basis for rational fertilization of the grass.A field experiment in which the plot contained micro area was conducted and different ^(15)N application rates,including 0 kg∙hm^(−2)(CK),90 kg∙hm^(−2)(N90),180 kg∙hm^(−2)(N180),270 kg∙hm^(−2)(N_(2)70),and 360 kg∙hm^(−2)(N360),were set up.The indexes of nitrogen migration rule were analyzed using the ^(15)N isotope labeling method under different ^(15)N treatments.The indexes included plant utilization rate,soil residual rate,loss rate,and distribution rate to stem or leaf of ^(15)N at the interface of forage-livestock;and the digestibility,utilization rate,and residual rate of ^(15)N of sheep and cows at the interface of forage-livestock for S.bicolor×S.sudanense.The results showed that the total hay yield in the N180 treatment was significantly higher than that in the CK and N90 treatments(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference from those in the N_(2)70 and N360 treatments.At the interface of soil-forage,the plant utilization rate and soil residual rate of ^(15)N were the highest,while the loss rate was lowest under the N180 treatment,and there were significant differences between N180 and N360,but there were no significant differences among the N180,CK,and N90 treatments.At the interface of forage-livestock,the ^(15)N digestibility of sheep under the N180 treatment was significantly higher than that under the N360 treatment,but there was no significant difference with those under other treatments;and the ^(15)N utilization rate of dairy cows under the N180 treatment was the highest,but the difference was not significant.On average,the ^(15)N migration rule of the soil-forage interface was as follows:the soil residual rate was 25.22%,the utiliz-ation rate was 23.95%,and the loss rate was 50.83%;the distribution rate of leaf(54.35%)was higher than that of stem(45.65%)for S.bicolor×S.sud

关 键 词：15N标记 高丹草 “土-草-畜”界面 氮素利用率 土壤残留率 动物消化率 

分 类 号：S812-05[农业科学—草业科学] S124.2[农业科学—畜牧学]