洞庭湖区稻田主要种植模式物质生产及光温资源利用效率的比较  

Comparison of matter production and the light and temperature resources utilization efficiencies of the main cropping systems for paddy fields in the Dongting Lake region

作　　者：赵杨 高杜娟 李超[3] 陈友德 崔婷 童中权 罗先富 ZHAO Yang;GAO Dujuan;LI Chao;CHEN Youde;CUI Ting;TONG Zhongquan;LUO Xianfu(Hunan Rice Research Institute,Changsha 410125,China;Key Laboratory of India Rice Genetics and Breeding in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Valley,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Peoples Republic of China,Changsha 410125,China;Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Changsha 410125,China;Nanxian Agricultural Bureau,Nanxian 413200,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省水稻研究所,长沙410125 [2]农业农村部长江中下游籼稻遗传育种重点实验室,长沙410125 [3]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,长沙410125 [4]湖南省南县农业局,南县413200

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2022年第8期1309-1317,共9页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：农业部“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300207-05)资助。

摘　　要：合理的种植模式可实现作物生长需求和自然资源供给的匹配。比较研究洞庭湖区稻田主要种植模式,可明确该区域优势种植模式,为优化湖区资源配置和建立丰产高效种植模式提供理论依据。2016—2018年,选取4种湖区稻田主要种植模式为研究对象,分析不同模式的干物质生产效率和干物质产能、光温资源利用效率以及经济效益。4种模式中,冬闲-中稻一熟制模式周年平均干物质生产效率和干物质产能、有效积温和光能分配率最低,分别为18330 kg∙hm^(−2)和27.00 MJ∙m^(−2)、70.0%和49.2%,表明湖区冬闲-中稻一熟制模式光温资源利用不充分。而油菜-早稻-晚稻三熟制模式周年平均干物质生产效率和干物质产能最高,分别为31525 kg∙hm^(−2)和48.22 MJ∙m^(−2),但周年平均生育期为364.5 d,2016—2017年周年有效积温和光能分配率分别达到102.5%和102.6%,表明部分年份油菜-早稻-晚稻三熟制光温资源欠缺,难以满足3季作物需求,且三熟制经济效益最低,两周年平均为8738元∙hm^(−2)。冬闲-早稻-晚稻两熟制模式生长季集中于4月上旬至10月中下旬,冬季温光资源浪费,且周年经济效益平均为9009元∙hm^(−2),仅为冬闲-中稻模式的75.3%,油菜-中稻模式的62.3%。油菜-中稻两熟制模式全年时间平均利用率88.9%,周年平均有效积温和光能分配率为86.6%和87.7%,光温资源充足且利用率高,周年经济效益最高,为14468元∙hm^(−2),明显高于其他3种模式。油菜-中稻两熟制模式与其他3种模式综合比较,可充分利用全年光温资源,干物质生产效率和产能较高,也是经济效益最高的种植模式,适宜在洞庭湖区发展。Reasonable cropping systems can match crop growth demand and natural resource supply.This comparison of the main cropping systems for paddy fields aims to identify the dominant cropping system in the Dongting Lake area and to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing resource allocation and the establishment of high-yield and high-efficiency planting patterns.From 2016 to 2018,four main cropping systems for paddy fields in the lake area were selected as research objects.The efficiency and energy of dry matter production,light and temperature resource utilization efficiencies,and the economic benefits of different patterns were analyzed.Among the four modes,the winter fallow-middle rice one-cropping system had the lowest year-round average efficiency and energy of dry matter production,and distribution rates of effective accumulated temperature and light energy distribution,which were 18.330 kg·hm^(−2) and 27.00 MJ·m^(−2),70.0%and 49.2%,respectively,indicating that the winter fallow-middle rice system did not fully utilize the light and temperature resources and that the efficiency and energy of dry matter production were low.The oilseed rapeearly rice-late rice triple-cropping system had the highest year-round average efficiency and energy of dry matter production,which were 31.525 kg·hm^(−2) and 48.22 MJ·m^(−2),respectively,but the year-round average growth period was 364.5 days.The distribution rates of year-round effective accumulated temperature and light energy from 2016 to 2017 reached 102.5%and 102.6%,respectively,indicating that the oilseed rape-early rice-late rice system lacked light and temperature resources and that it was difficult to meet the demands of the three crops.The triple-cropping system had the lowest net income,with an average of 8738¥∙hm-2 over two years.The growth season of the winter fallow-early ricelate rice system was concentrated from early April to mid-to-late October.In winter,temperature and light resources were wasted.The year-round average net income of the wint

关 键 词：稻田 种植模式 干物质生产效率 干物质产能 光温资源利用效率 经济效益 

分 类 号：S318[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]