基于POI大数据的辽宁省公共卫生基础设施空间格局及其服务能力评估  

Spatial Pattern and Service Capacity Evaluation of Public Health Infrastructure in Liaoning Province Based on POI Big Data

作　　者：付博 任婉侠[1,2] 薛冰 FU Bo;REN Wan-xia;XUE Bing(Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering,Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;Key Laboratory for Environment Computation and Sustainability of Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110016,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所污染生态与环境工程重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110016 [2]辽宁省环境计算与可持续发展重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110016 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《辽宁大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第2期151-161,共11页Journal of Liaoning University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41971166);辽宁省人才项目(XLYC2007201);沈阳市科技专项(20-206-4-12)。

摘　　要：作为使用频率最高、服务人群最广的公共服务基础设施,公厕是城乡生态文明建设的重要体现.传统的公共基础设施服务能力评价大多存在空间可视化程度低、位置信息不准确等问题.以兴趣点(point of interest,POI)大数据为代表的新型数据源为更精确更实时认知与评价公共基础设施提供了新的路径.本研究以POI数据为重要数据源,融合传统数据,以公厕资源均衡性和可达性作为衡量公共设施服务能力的指标,对辽宁省其所辖市域、县域及10 km格网下的公厕空间分布格局和服务能力进行评价.研究发现:1)公厕集中分布在副省级城市沈阳和大连,呈现双核多点式分布;公厕在所有城市内部均呈现单核多点、多核多点及小规模多点式聚集分布;85%的公厕分布于城市建成区内,乡镇地区公厕建设亟须强化.2)仅沈阳、本溪和26%的县级单元的公厕数量满足基本需求,而旅游资源丰富的城市其公厕服务能力却较差,说明辽宁省旅游品质的建设和保障亟待提升.3)公厕分布与道路具有较强的相关性,距离邻近道路10~100 m内的公厕占70%以上,公厕分布在可达性方面具有一定合理性.本文将为区域重要公共服务基础设施的合理规划提供科学的决策依据.As the most frequently and widely used public service infrastructure,public toiletis an important embodiment of urban and rural ecological civilization construction.The traditional assessment of public infrastructure service capability mostly has some problems,such as low spatial visualization,inaccurate location information.Point of interest(POI)data,as a new and valuable data source,can contribute to find an effective path cognition to solve the problems mentioned above with more accurate and real-time.Adopting POI data as an important data source and integrating traditional data,this study investigates the spatial distribution pattern of public toilets and evaluates their service capability based on the index of the balance and accessibility of public toilets in the multi-levels of Liaoning Province including the cities,counties and 10 km grid.The results show that(1)Most public toilets are concentrated in the two sub provincial cities of Shenyang and Dalian,showing a dual-core and multipoint distribution pattern;public toilets in each city show single core multipoint,multi-core multipoint and small-scale multipoint aggregation distribution pattern;85%of public toilets are located in theurban built-up areas,so the construction of public toilets in rural areas needs to be strengthened.(2)Only the number of public toilets in Shenyang,Benxi and 26%of county-level units meet their basic needs,while the service capacity of public toilets in cities with rich tourism resources is poor,indicating that the construction and guarantee of tourism quality in Liaoning Province need to be improved.(3)The distribution of public toilets has a strong correlation with roads.More than 70%of public toilets are within 10-100 m away from adjacent roads.The distribution of public toilets is reasonable in terms of accessibility.This study provides a scientific decision-making basis for rational planning of important public infrastructures.

关 键 词：兴趣点数据 公共厕所 空间格局 服务能力 可达性 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济]