牡丹种间远缘杂交不亲和的细胞学与生理机制研究  

Interspecific distant hybrid incompatibility cytology and its physiological mechanis in Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.

作　　者：张翔宇 贾文庆 何松林 邱永杰 王乔健 胡缓 史来琨 刘会超 ZHANG Xiang-yu;JIA Wen-qing;HE Song-lin;QIU Yong-jie;WANG Qiao-jian;HU Huan;SHI Lai-kun;LIU Hui-chao(School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,He’nan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003,He’nan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院园艺园林学院,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2022年第4期63-71,共9页Forest Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划支持课题(2018YFD1000401);河南省科技发展计划项目(202102110233、202102110082)。

摘　　要：[目的]明晰牡丹种间远缘杂交不亲和的细胞学及生理机制,为牡丹远缘杂交提供理论及试验基础。[方法]以牡丹‘凤丹’为母本,保康牡丹为父本,进行远缘杂交授粉亲和性研究,探讨授粉后雌蕊保护酶活性、可溶性物质含量及内源激素含量变化与花粉萌发、花粉管生长之间的联系。[结果]保康牡丹与‘凤丹’远缘杂交亲和性差的细胞学原因是花粉萌发慢,花粉管多有胼胝质沉积、扭曲缠绕严重,生长多无序并伴有分枝现象,只部分能穿过花柱到达子房。生理机制研究结果表明:授粉后,SOD活性快速升高有利于花粉柱头识别及花粉管生长;MDA含量快速增加不利于远缘杂交授粉花粉管的伸长生长;远缘杂交雌蕊较自交雌蕊可溶性蛋白及可溶性糖含量高,表现为柱头识别作用及雌蕊排异作用加强;自交雌蕊IAA含量显著高于杂交,高水平IAA、GA3、IPA有助于花粉萌发及花粉管生长;远缘杂交雌蕊ABA含量显著高于自交雌蕊,高水平ABA、JA对花粉管生长显示抑制作用,诱发胼胝质沉积,花粉管扭曲缠绕生长无序。[结论]‘凤丹’与保康牡丹远缘杂交存在受精前障碍,其与雌蕊内部酶活性变化、内源激素含量的动态变化及可溶性物质含量密切相关。[Objective]To clarify the cytological and physiological mechanism of the incompatibility of distant hybridization between peony species,and provide theoretical and experimental basis for distant hybridization of peony.[Method]Using P.ostii‘Feng Dan’as the female parent and Paeonia baokangensis Z.L.Dai et T.Hong sp.Nov.as the male parent,the compatibility of distant hybridization and pollination was studied for exploring the relationship between the changes of pistils protect enzyme activity,soluble substance content and endogenous hormone content after pollination,pollens germination and pollen tubes growth.[Result]The results showed that the cytology of Paeonia baokangensis Z.L.Dai et T.Hong sp.Nov.and P.ostii‘Feng Dan’distant hybridization was poor as a result of slow pollens germination,corpus callosum deposition in pollen tubes,severe twisting and entanglement,disordered growth and branching,and only part of the pollens could pass through the style to the ovary.After pollination,the rapid increase of SOD activity was beneficial to pollens stigma recognition and pollen tubes growth;The rapid increase of MDA content was not conducive to the elongation and growth of pollen tubes in distant hybridization;Distant hybrid pistils had higher soluble protein and soluble sugar content than selfed pistils,which is manifested by enhanced stigma recognition and pistils rejection;The content of IAA in selfed pistils was significantly higher than that of distant hybridization,high levels of IAA,GA3 and IPA were helpful for pollens germination and pollen tubes growth;The ABA content of distant hybrid pistils was significantly higher than that of selfed pistils,high levels of ABA and JA showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of pollen tubes,induced the deposition of callosum,and the pollen tubes twisted and twisted to grow disorderly.[Conclusion]Pre-fertilization barriers exist in distant hybridization of P.ostii‘Feng Dan’and Paeonia baokangensis,which is closely related to the changes of enzyme activity in the

关 键 词：牡丹 远缘杂交 内源激素 保护酶活性 花粉管 

分 类 号：S685.11[农业科学—观赏园艺]