马克思创建剩余价值学说的演进逻辑与历史科学的运用  

The Evolutionary Logic of Marx’s Creation of Theory of Surplus Value and Its Application of Historical Science

作　　者：胡芳 HU Fang(School of Marxism,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610207,Sichuan)

机构地区：[1]四川大学马克思主义学院,四川成都610207

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第4期1-12,共12页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助一般项目“马克思资产阶级意识形态批判研究”(20FKSB007)。

摘　　要：剩余价值学说与“历史科学”有着密切的关联,存在双重逻辑:马克思创建剩余价值学说的历程经历了研究内容、研究领域、研究方法、研究思路的多重转变,它既是灵活运用“历史科学”的表率,亦是作为政治经济学的理论基石而使之成为“一门历史的科学”的必然结果。从研究内容的演进逻辑来讲,马克思经历了从眷注“异化劳动”这一剩余价值的结果表现到探析剩余价值的产生之源,再到揭示资产阶级剩余价值必然灭亡的“不可避免”的命运的研究,形成了政治经济学的历史科学。从研究领域的演进逻辑来讲,马克思经历了从哲学审视到政治经济学批判,再到科学社会主义的发展旨归,形成了社会主义的历史科学。从研究方法的演进逻辑来讲,马克思创造了“从抽象到具体”的政治经济学方法革新,从揭示剩余价值一般规律到揭露“利润、利息、地租”剩余价值特殊表现形式的剥削本质,形成了唯物主义辩证法的方法论科学。从研究思路的演进逻辑来讲,马克思从历史经验逻辑、思想理论逻辑、主题实践逻辑的辩证统一高度创立了科学剩余价值理论,建构了科学社会主义理论体系,形成了唯物主义历史观的认识论科学。The theory of surplus value is closely related to“historical science”,and there exists a double logic:Marx’s creation of the theory of surplus value underwent multiple transformations in terms of research content,fields,methods and ideas,and it is both an example of the flexible use of“historical science”and the inevitable result of its elevation to a“science of history”as the theoretical cornerstone of political economy.In terms of the evolutionary logic of research content,Marx went from expounding“alienated labor”as the result of surplus value,to exploring the origins of surplus value,and on to revealing the“inevitable”fate of the inescapable demise of bourgeois surplus value,and this eventually gave rise to the historical science of political economy.In terms of the evolutionary logic of research fields,Marx went from philosophical examination to political economy criticism and on to the development of scientific socialism,which gave rise to the historical science of socialism.In terms of the evolutionary logic of research methods,Marx created an innovative methodology for political economy which advanced from the abstract to the concrete,from revealing the general law of surplus value to exposing the essence of exploitation in the special manifestations of surplus value,such as profit,interest and rent,and this gave rise to the methodological science of materialist dialectics.In terms of the evolutionary logic of research ideas,Marx created the scientific theory of surplus value from the dialectical unity of the logic of historical experience,the logic of ideology and theory,and the logic of thematic practice;moreover,he established a theoretical system of scientific socialism,giving rise to the epistemological science of the materialist view of history.

关 键 词：马克思 剩余价值学说 历史科学 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]