清代督抚选拔地方官人事权探讨  

Discussion on the Governors’Power of Selecting Local Officials in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：王志明 WANG Zhiming(School of Marxism,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学马克思主义学院,上海200433

出　　处：《安徽史学》2022年第4期30-37,共8页Historical Research In Anhui

摘　　要：清代地方文官的选任由皇帝、吏部和地方督抚把控,督抚为实际权力的核心。清代督抚题补地方官主要依据事务繁简和特别治理需要,经制性的题补约占地方官缺三、四成。题补制度在雍正乾隆年间逐步调整和规范,沿用到清末。督抚“留授”“委署”“违例”外补地方官也很普遍,晚清时期这类灵活性的授官现象更多。督抚的各类非坐缺保举对地方官的选用也很重要,战争时期和晚清变革时期督抚的选官权力更大。清代督抚选拔地方官制度虽然有僵化、徇私等弊端,但总体上促进了地方的有效治理。The selection of local officials was controlled by the Emperor,the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the governors.The governor had the actual power of personnel management.The governor’s selection was mainly based on the degree of governance difficulty and special management needs.Thirty or forty percent of the formal local officials were selected by the governors.The Tibu system was gradually adjusted and standardized during the reign of Emperor Yongzheng and Emperor Qianlong,and was used until the end of the Qing Dynasty.It was also common for the governors to“Liushou”,“Weishu”and“Weili”,and there were more flexible appointments in the late Qing Dynasty.This kinds of flexible selection phenomenon was more common in the late Qing Dynasty.During the war,there were more officials promoted directly by the governor.Although with drawbacks such as rigidity and favoritism,the system of selecting local officials by governor had promoted effective local governance on the whole.

关 键 词：清代 督抚 地方官 题补 人事权 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]