苏联援助中国陆军建设述论(1949—1960)  

On Soviet Union’s Assistance to Chinese Army Construction(1949-1960)

作　　者：贺雪娇 贺怀锴 HE Xuejiao;HE Huaikai(Center for Studies of Song History,Hebei University,Baoding 071000,China;School of History and Culture,Henan University,Kaifeng 475000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学宋史研究中心,河北保定071000 [2]河南大学历史文化学院,河南开封475000

出　　处：《安徽史学》2022年第4期158-168,共11页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：河南省高等学校暨河南大学哲学社会科学创新团队资助项目“近现代中国国家治理研究”(2020-CXTD-02,2019CXTD003);中国博士后科学基金第69批面上资助项目“人民海军的创建与发展研究”(2021M690901);河南省高校人文社会科学研究一般项目“民国海军建设与发展研究(1912—1949)”(2022-ZZJH-293)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中华人民共和国成立初期,苏联向中国提供了枪械、火炮和坦克等陆军成品装备和技术图纸。依托于此,中国陆军进入仿制苏式武器的阶段,到1960年,中国陆军装备基本实现了制式化与国产化。苏联对华援助使得中国陆军在短期内实现了装备的更新换代和技术的突飞猛进。同时,苏联还派遣了大批军事顾问援助中国陆军,中国亦向苏联派遣了大量的陆军留学生,学习苏联军事战术及军工技术。在对待外援问题上,中国陆军始终立足自主发展,并寻求苏联援助,该方针为中国陆军的独立发展奠定了基础,1950年代末,中国陆军已由购买现成装备和仿制苏联装备走向自主研发的新阶段。In the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the Soviet Union provided China with finished army equipment and technical drawings such as guns,artillery and tanks.Relying on this,the Chinese army entered the stage of imitating Soviet style weapons.By 1960,the equipment of the Chinese army had basically realized standardization and localization.The Soviet Union’s assistance to China made the Chinese Army realize the upgrading of equipment and rapid progress of technology in a short time.At the same time,the Soviet Union also sent a large number of military advisers to assist the Chinese army,and China also sent a large number of army students to the Soviet Union to learn Soviet military tactics and military technology.On the issue of foreign aid,the Chinese army has always been based on independent development and sought assistance from the Soviet Union.This policy has laid the foundation for the independent development of the Chinese army.At the end of the 1950s,the Chinese army has moved from purchasing ready-made equipment and imitating Soviet equipment to a new stage of independent research and development.

关 键 词：中华人民共和国 苏联 援助 陆军 

分 类 号：K27[历史地理—历史学] K512.55[历史地理—中国史]