致伤物接触面积对家兔颅骨骨折的影响  

Effects from Contact Area of the Instrument Causing Trauma on Skull Fracture in Rabbits

作　　者：吴君[1] 李曼 周红梅 王希 王应雪 张珊 熊剪 路艳林 汪家文[1] WU Jun;LI Man;ZHOU Hongmei;WANG Xi;WANG Yingxue;ZHANG Shan;XIONG Jian;LU Yanlin;WANG Jiawen(School of Forensic Medicine,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang 550004,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学法医学院,贵阳550004

出　　处：《医用生物力学》2022年第3期544-549,共6页Journal of Medical Biomechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81660309);贵州省科技厅基金项目(黔科合平台人才[2018]5779-3);贵州省高等学校教学内容和课程体系改革项目(2019040);贵州省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(20195200922,20195200138)。

摘　　要：目的探讨不同接触面积致伤物在准静态压缩条件下对家兔颅骨骨折生物力学响应参数的影响。方法将家兔分为保留头皮及去除头皮两组,每组按致伤物接触直径不同分为3、6、9 mm组,每组9只,合计54只。将所有家兔过量麻醉处死后制作成头颅压缩模型。采用电子万能材料试验机对家兔颅骨进行准静态压缩至骨折,分别检测各组家兔颅骨极限载荷、极限载荷作用下形变、压缩强度等生物力学响应参数。结果保留头皮组及去除头皮组家兔颅骨在不同接触面积下极限载荷、极限载荷作用下形变、压缩强度组间差异均具有统计学意义。极限载荷与接触面积呈正相关,压缩强度与接触面积呈负相关,极限载荷作用下形变与接触面积不存在相关性。保留头皮与去除头皮组间比较,仅接触面直径为3 mm组极限载荷作用下形变的组间差异具有统计学意义,其余各组均不存在统计学意义。结论接触面积与家兔颅骨骨折极限载荷呈正相关,与压缩强度呈负相关,与极限载荷作用下的形变不存在相关性,且与是否去除头皮无关。Objective To explore the effects from different contact areas of the instrument causing trauma on biomechanical response parameters of rabbit skull fractures under quasi-static compression conditions.Methods The rabbits were divided into the scalp preservation group and scalp removal group.Each group was subdivided into 3 mm group,6 mm group,9 mm group according to contact diameter of the instrument causing trauma.There were 9 rabbits in each group,54 rabbits in total.All rabbits were put to death by over anesthesia and made into a skull compression model.An electronic universal material testing machine was used to perform quasi-static compression of rabbit skulls to fractures,and biomechanical response parameters such as ultimate load,deformation under ultimate load and compressive strength of rabbit skulls in each group were detected.Results The differences in ultimate load,deformation under ultimate load,and compressive strength of rabbit skulls in scalp preservation group and scalp removal group under different contact areas were statistically significant.The ultimate load was positively correlated with the contact area,and the compressive strength was negatively correlated with the contact area.No correlation was found between deformation under ultimate load and contact area.For scalp preservation group and scalp removal group,the difference in deformation under ultimate load was statistically significant in the 3 mm contact surface diameter group,and there was no statistical significance in the other groups.Conclusions The contact area is positively correlated with the ultimate load of rabbit skull fracture and negatively correlated with compressive strength,while it has no correlation with deformation under ultimate load and is unrelated to whether the scalp is removed.

关 键 词：接触面积 致伤物 颅骨骨折 头皮 法医生物力学 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]