水分胁迫对干旱锻炼后水稻抗旱涝能力的影响及其生理机制  

Effect of water stress on drought and submergence resistance and its physiological mechanism of rice after drought hardening

作　　者：时红 熊强强 才硕 张铭 孙占学[1] SHI Hong;XIONG Qiangqiang;CAI Shuo;ZHANG Ming;SUN Zhanxue(East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,Jiangxi,China;Jiangxi Irrigation Experiment Central Station,Nanchang 330201,Jiangxi,China;Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China;Geological Survey of Japan,Tsukuba 3058567,Ibaraki,Japan)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学,江西南昌330013 [2]江西省灌溉试验中心站,江西南昌330201 [3]扬州大学,江苏扬州225009 [4]日本地质调查综合中心,日本茨城筑波3058567

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2022年第6期44-55,共12页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960377);江西水利科技项目(202124ZDKT29,202123BZKT04,202123BZKT05,201820YBKT24,KT201630)。

摘　　要：水分胁迫会影响水稻的产量及其生长。为了提高水稻对逆境的适应性并探讨其相关生理机制,设置了分蘖期干旱适应性锻炼处理,探讨了拔节-孕穗期继续干旱和淹涝耐受性的产量形成以及生理变化。结果表明,分蘖期经过干旱锻炼处理后持续干旱处理(D+D)水稻产量比在分蘖期不经过干旱锻炼处理但是后期经过干旱处理后(ND+D)的水稻产量高10.92%,而在分蘖期经过干旱锻炼处理后期进行淹涝处理后(D+S)的水稻产量比在水稻分蘖期不经过干旱锻炼处理且后期淹涝处理后(ND+S)的水稻产量高19.91%。干旱锻炼后进行淹涝处理(D+S)较不干旱锻炼后进行淹劳处理(ND+S)的净光合速率、蒸腾速率显著性提高,分别提高10.6%、26.69%。ND+D处理的Fv/Fm较D+D处理显著降低3.67%。D+D处理的可溶性糖含量较ND+D处理下降9.36%,但差异不显著。D+S处理的可溶性糖含量较ND+S处理高21.41%,无显著性差异。经过干旱适应性锻炼的水稻植株,后期再进行干旱处理或者淹涝处理时,SOD、POD、CAT活性、总抗氧化力(T-AOC)均有不同程度的升高,MDA content和H_(2)O_(2)content不同程度降低,进一步保护水稻植株受到伤害。因此,分蘖期进行干旱适应性锻炼处理在一定程度上能够增强水稻对后期水分胁迫的适应能力,研究结果可为干旱或洪涝灾害的水稻生产实践提供指导。Water stress can affect rice yield and its growth.To enhance the adaptability of rice to adversity and examine the associated physiological mechanisms,experiments focused on investigating the effects of drought exercise at the tillering stage on the formation of rice yield per plant and physiological adaptation to subsequent drought or submergence at the jointing-booting stage were performed.The results showed that the rice yield per plant of drought exercise treatment at the tillering stage combined with jointing-booting stage drought exercise treatment(D+D)was increased by 10.92%compared with that of the rice yield per plant of no drought exercise treatment at the tillering stage combined with jointing-booting stage drought exercise treatment(ND+D)without significant difference.The rice yield per plant of drought exercise treatment at the tillering stage combined with jointing-booting stage submergence treatment(D+S)was also increased by 19.91%compared with that of the rice yield per plant of no drought exercise at the tillering stage combined with jointing-booting stage submergence treatment(ND+S)without a significant difference.The net photosynthetic and transpiration rates of the rice plants of the D+S treatments were increased by 10.6%and 26.69%,compared with the ND+S treatments,respectively.The ratio of variable fluorescence to the maximum fluorescence(Fv/Fm)of the rice plants with the ND+D treatment was less significant and decreased by 3.67%compared with the D+D treatment,the soluble sugar content of D+D treatment was decreased by 9.36%compared with ND+D treatment without any significant difference,and the soluble sugar content of the D+S treatment was 21.41%higher than the ND+S treatment.The subjection to drought exercise at the tillering stage along with subsequent drought and submergence treatments at the jointing-booting stage increased the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT),and total antioxidant capacity while decreased malondialdehyde(MDA)and H_(2)O_(2) contents f

关 键 词：分蘖期 干旱 淹涝处理 产量 生理机制 水分胁迫 蒸腾 洪涝 

分 类 号：S27[农业科学—农业水土工程]