鄱阳湖冲淤演变及水文生态效应  

Evolution of scour and sedimentation and its hydrological and ecological effects in Poyang Lake

作　　者：胡振鹏[1] 王仕刚 HU Zhenpeng;WANG Shigang(Nanchang University,Nanchang 330029,Jiangxi,China;Jiangxi Hydrology Monitoring Center Poyang Lake Hydrology and Water Resources Center,Nanchang 330002,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学,江西南昌330029 [2]江西省水文监测中心鄱阳湖水文水资源中心,江西南昌330002

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2022年第6期66-78,共13页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41261053)。

摘　　要：根据1956—2020年出入湖输沙过程等实测资料,定量研究了湖区水沙运动特征和湖盆由淤积向冲刷转变的演变过程及水文生态效应。利用1998年、2010年和2020年进行的三次典型断面测量成果、遥感影像和现场调查勘测资料分析计算后发现:(1)2000年以前鄱阳湖以淤积为主。(2)2001—2010年有淤有冲,中部主湖区12个典型断面滩槽平均淤高0.51 m;入江水道滩槽平均下切0.35 m、泥沙冲刷量达19121×10^(4)m^(3)。(3)2011—2020年湖盆全面冲刷,中部主湖区滩槽平均下切0.35 m;入江水道滩槽平均下切1.39 m、泥沙量为9608×10^(4)m^(3)。(4)湖区采砂加剧了河床侵蚀,2000—2010年通江水道采砂量为9348×10^(4)m^(3),相当于自然冲刷量的45%;2011—2020年采砂量为8157×10^(4)m^(3),相当于自然冲刷量的85%。(5)入江水道侵蚀,使1—3月湖水位全面降低,直接改变了湖泊湿地的洲滩植被分布格局。研究结果表明,江河湖泊高泥沙含量增加了开发治理的复杂性,水土资源开发利用要坚持科学有度原则,同时要高度重视生态环境建设与保护。Based on the sediment transport process in and out of the Poyang Lake from 1956 to 2020 and other monitoring data,this paper quantitatively studies the characteristics of water and sediment movement in lake,the evolution process of the transition from deposition to scour,and the hydrological and ecological effects.After research analysis of three typical cross-section measurements in 1998,2010 and 2020 and remote sensing images,it was found that,(1)Before 2000,Poyang Lake was dominated by comprehensive siltation;(2)From 2001 to 2010,there was siltation and scouring.The average silting height of the 16 sections of the main lake area was 0.51 m;the 10 sections of the waterway into the Yangtze River cut down 0.35 m on average with the sediment scour amount 19121×10^(4)m^(3).(3)From 2011 to 2020,the average incision of the river channel in the main lake area is 0.35 m;the average incision of the waterway into the Yangtze River is 1.39m with sediment scour amount 9608×10^(4)m^(3).(4)The riverbed of the waterway into the Yangtze River was seriously eroded by sand mining.The sand mining volume was 9348×10^(4)m^(3),which is equivalent to 45%of the natural scour from 2000 to 2011,The sand mining volume is 8157×10^(4)m^(3),which is equivalent to 85%of the natural scour volume from 2011 to 2020.(5)The erosion of the waterway into the Yangtze River led to the overall reduction of the lake water level from January to March,which directly changed the distribution pattern of lake wetland vegetation.The research results show that the high sediment content in rivers and lakes increases the complexity of development and governance.The development and utilization of water and soil resources must be scientific and appropriate,at the same time,great attention should be paid to the protection of the ecological environment.

关 键 词：水沙运动 淤积 冲刷 采砂 生态环境保护 鄱阳湖 长江流域 人类活动 

分 类 号：TV82[水利工程—水利水电工程]