中老年女性增龄性肌力流失特征的实验研究  

Experimental Study on the Characteristics of Aging Muscle Loss in Middle-aged and Elderly Women

作　　者：袁德盛 张胜年[1] YUAN Desheng;ZHANG Shengnian(Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院“运动健身科技”省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海200438

出　　处：《体育科研》2022年第4期75-81,97,共8页Sport Science Research

基　　金：上海市科委地方院校能力建设项目(19080503300)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨中老年女性增龄性肌力流失的规律特征。方法:以85名中老年女性为实验组,按年龄分为3个年龄组,以29名青年女性为对照组,运用全身型双能X线骨密度仪、Con-Trex等速肌力测试系统进行全身肌肉质量,下肢髋、膝、踝关节屈伸等长与60°/s的等速肌力测试。结论:50年龄段的中年女性已表现出明显的肌肉质量流失、且在70岁前仍表现为以下肢肌肉质量流失为主的局部性特征。中老年女性下肢肌肉力量流失的增龄性特征表现为髋关节的肌肉力量流失最早表现,下肢肌肉收缩力量呈现快速流失的“拐点”约在60岁年龄段,且有肌肉的动态收缩力量的流失先于等长收缩力量的年龄特征。下肢三关节等长收缩力量流失呈现“髋-膝-踝”模式,60°/s的等速力量约在60岁后呈现“膝-踝-髋”模式。结论:老年女性膝关节屈肌较之伸肌可能有着更高的肌力流失速率。肌肉质量与力量流失的关系方面表现出力量流失先于质量流失的特征。Objective:To explore the characteristics of aging muscle strength loss in middle-aged and elderly women.Methods:85 middle-aged and elderly women were divided into 3 age groups.29 young women were used as the control group.The whole-body muscle mass,hip,knee and ankle flexion and extension,and 60°/s isokinetic muscle strength were measured by using the whole-body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and Con-Trex isokinetic muscle strength testing system.Results:The middle-aged women in their 50 s showed significant muscle mass loss,and the lower limb muscle mass loss persisted before the age of 70.The age-related characteristics of the lower limb muscle strength loss in the middle-aged and elderly women were the earliest manifestation of muscle strength loss in the hip joint.The"turning point"of the rapid loss of lower limb muscle contraction strength was about 60 years old,and and the loss of dynamic muscle contraction strength preceded the loss of isometric contraction strength.The loss of isometric contraction strength of the three joints of the lower limbs showed a"hip-knee-ankle"pattern;The 60°/s isokinetic strength presented a"hip-knee-ankle"pattern after the age of 60.Conclusion:Elderly women's knee flexors may have a higher rate of muscle loss than extensors.The relationship between muscle mass and strength loss reveals that strength loss precedes mass loss.

关 键 词：中老年女性 肌力流失 瘦体重 肌肉质量 肌肉力量 

分 类 号：G804[文化科学—运动人体科学]