重庆铁山坪马尾松林蒸散及其组分特征  

Characteristics of Masson Pine Forests Evapotranspiration and Its Components at Tieshanping of Chongqing

作　　者：王轶浩 符裕红[2] 王彦辉[3] Wang Yihao;Fu Yuhong;Wang Yanhui(Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,P.R.China;Guizhou Education University;Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学地理与旅游学院、三峡库区地表生态过程重庆市野外科学观测研究站,重庆401331 [2]贵州师范学院 [3]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2022年第7期33-39,共7页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJQN202000502);重庆师范大学基金项目(20XLB005);贵州省自然科学基金项目(黔科合基础[2019]1251号);中挪国际合作项目(193725/S30)。

摘　　要：为了精准评估三峡库区森林涵养水源的功能,以马尾松林为研究对象,采用热扩散式探针、微型蒸渗仪等对马尾松林进行长期定位观测,分析马尾松林林冠截留、林冠蒸腾、林地蒸散等蒸散组分及其月变化规律和影响因素。结果表明:(1)林冠截留量年内变化规律呈“单峰”或“双峰”模式,其他蒸散组分及总蒸散量则均呈“单峰”模式(1月份、12月份为最低值,7—8月份达到峰值);(2)马尾松树干边材面积与胸径呈幂函数关系(P<0.01),单株日蒸腾量变化为0.60~86.78 kg,平均为23.02 kg;(3)草本植物覆盖显著增加林地蒸散量(P<0.01),枯落物覆盖减少林地蒸散量不明显(P>0.05);林地蒸散量与器皿蒸发量、太阳辐射总量、气温和最大风速等呈显著正相关(P<0.01),林地蒸散量与空气湿度呈显著负相关(P<0.01);(4)马尾松林总蒸散量为1284.26 mm,占同期降水量的70.06%;林冠截留量、林冠蒸腾量和林地蒸散量分别占总蒸散量20.15%、52.30%和27.55%。因此,蒸散是马尾松林最主要的水量支出项,各蒸散组分中以林冠蒸腾最多,其次为林地蒸散,林冠截留最少。In order to accurately evaluate the water conservation service of forests in the Three Gorges Reservoir area,taking Masson pine forests as the research project and using the techniques including thermal diffusion probes and micro-lysimeter for long-term fixed observation in 2010-2011,the evapotranspiration components including canopy interception,canopy transpiration and forest floor evapotranspiration of Masson pine forests and its monthly variation and influencing factors were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)The intra-annual variation of canopy interception presented a“one-peak”or“two-peak”pattern,while other evapotranspiration components and total evapotranspiration all presented a“one-peak”pattern(the lowest value in January and December,the peak value from July to August).(2)There was a power function relationship between trunk sapwood area and diameter at breast high(P<0.01),and the tree daily transpiration ranged from 0.60 to 86.78 kg,with an average of 23.02 kg.(3)Herbage coverage significantly increased forest floor evapotranspiration(P<0.01),and litter coverage non-significantly decreased forest floor evapotranspiration(P>0.05).Forest floor evapotranspiration was positively correlated with pan evaporation,total solar radiation,air temperature and maximum wind speed(P<0.01),and forest floor evapotranspiration was negatively correlated with air humidity(P<0.01).(4)The total evapotranspiration of Masson pine forests was 1284.26 mm,accounting for 70.06%of the precipitation in the same period.Canopy interception,canopy transpiration and forest floor evapotranspiration accounted for 20.15%,52.30%and 27.55%of the total evapotranspiration,respectively.Therefore,evapotranspiration is the main water expenditure item of Masson pine forests.Among the evapotranspiration components,canopy evapotranspiration is the most,followed by forest evapotranspiration,and canopy interception is the least.

关 键 词：林冠截留蒸发 林冠蒸腾 林地蒸散 马尾松林 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学] S714.7