基于DEM的地形特征提取分析  

Analysis of Terrain Feature Extraction Based on DEM

作　　者：董咪娜[1] 谢小平[1] 李冰[1] 王芳[1] 杨帅[1] 李佳丽[1] DONG Mina;XIE Xiaoping;LI Bing;WANG Fang;YANG Shuai;LI Jiali(Qufu Normal Unversity,School of Geography and Tourism,Rizhao 276800,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学地理与旅游学院,山东日照276800

出　　处：《山西师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第2期102-111,共10页Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：龙门山地区涪江上游晚生代水系演化与新构造响应研究(41072164).

摘　　要：地形因素对于流域地貌、水文及生物等具有重要影响,用于地形制图的技术有等高线、晕渲和分层设色等,表面测量方式包括坡度、坡向和地面曲率等,基于栅格的DEM是制图与分析的常用数据,有坡度、坡向和地形起伏度等多种地形因子,是地形分析和应用的基础.地形因子参照空间区域范围,分为微观和宏观两种类型,微观地形因子描述信息是以微分点为单元,使用空间矢量分析原理进行的差分计算,数值与该点高程和微小领域范围内的高程有关;宏观地形因素是以某区域或窗口为整体,使用数理统计方法进行提取,受区域内所有高程信息影响.本文主要提取坡度、坡向、起伏度和水系用以描述剑阁县的地形特征.使用DEM生成的水系河网和集水流域,常用于地表水文模型的分析,为流域的分析提供基础地理信息,对水文模拟和管理规划具有十分重要的意义.从不同的角度阐述了剑阁县地貌的发育特点,为研究区范围内的自然灾害侵蚀的防范、合理地规划利用资源、保护生态环境等方面提供了基础地理信息和科学理论依据.The topographic factors have important influence on the basin geomorphology,hydrology and biological research,etc.The techniques of topographic mapping are mainly reflected in contour lines,hill-shading and layered colors.The surface measurement methods include slope,slope direction and surface curvature,etc.In the digital mapping and analysis study,researchers often use the data grid DEM data format,terrain factors including slope,slope direction and degree of relief,digital elevation model data is the basis of terrain analysis and application.Based on the study area the size of the space,terrain factor is divided into two types,respectively is the micro and macro,in micro terrain factors,with a unit used to record the information of differential and difference calculation using the space vector analysis principle,the numerical value is related to the elevation of the point and the elevation of the small domain.Macrotopographic factors are mainly studied in a certain region or window,and the topographic factors are extracted by mathematical statistics.In this paper,topographic factors include slope,slope direction,topographic relief and water system,and these topographic factors reflect the overall topographic features.On the basis of the DEM data,the canal river network and catchment basin can be generated,so the DEM data in the earth's surface is often used in the analysis of the hydrological model,digital elevation data for basin analysis provides the basic geographic information,in the planning of the hydrological simulation and management,it is of great significance.From different angles expounds the developmental characteristics of landform,in order to prevent the natural types of erosion disasters,provides the basis of geographic information and scientific theoretical basis,it can be reasonably planning of natural resources and protect the ecological environment.

关 键 词：地形分析 剑阁县 地貌特征 

分 类 号：K903[历史地理—人文地理学] P94[天文地球—自然地理学]