KAP理论下的细节护理干预策略对支气管哮喘急性发作患者健康行为及哮喘知识认知度的影响  

Effects of Detailed Nursing Intervention Strategies Based on KAP Theory on Health Behavior and Knowledge Recognition of Patients with Acute Attack of Bronchial Asthma

作　　者：姜瑞娟 JIANG Ruijuan(Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Henan Provincial People’s Hospital,Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital,Henan University Clinical School of Medicine,Zhengzhou Henan 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科,郑州大学人民医院,河南大学临床医学院,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《临床研究》2022年第8期167-170,共4页Clinical Research

摘　　要：目的探讨在知—信—行(KAP)理论下实施细节护理干预对支气管哮喘急性发作患者健康行为及哮喘知识认知度的影响。方法回顾性分析河南省人民医院2019年4月至2020年12月收治的72例支气管哮喘急性发作患者的临床资料;根据患者接受的护理方案将其分为A组、B组。A组纳入接受常规护理干预的36例患者,B组纳入接受KAP理论细节护理干预的36例患者;对比两组健康行为优良率及干预前后的哮喘知识认知度评分、肺功能指标[一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、最大呼气流量(PEF)、用力肺活量(FVC)],观察两组患者干预后生活质量评分(AQLQ)、焦虑情绪(SAS)和护理满意程度。结果干预后,B组健康行为优良率高于A组;B组哮喘知识认知度平均评分较A组高;B组FEV1、PEF、FVC水平较A组高,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,B组的AQLQ评分高于A组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组的SAS评分低于A组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在KAP理论指导下实施细节护理干预能够帮助支气管哮喘急性发作患者提高对疾病相关认知的认知程度、养成健康的自我管理行为习惯,有助于缓解患者情绪,促进肺功能的改善,改变患者生活质量。Objective To investigate the effect of detailed nursing intervention on health behavior and asthma knowledge cognition in patients with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma under the Knowledge-Belief-Act(KAP)theory.Methods The clinical data of 72 patients with acute bronchial asthma admitted to Henan Provincial People's Hospital from April 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into group A and group B according to the nursing program they received.Group A included 36 patients receiving routine nursing intervention,and group B included 36 patients receiving KAP theoretical detail nursing intervention.The excellent and good rates of healthy behaviors,asthma knowledge awareness score,lung function index[forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),maximum expiratory flow(PEF),forced vital capacity(FVC)]before and after intervention were compared between the two groups,and the quality of life score(AQLQ),anxiety(SAS)and nursing satisfaction degree of the two groups were observed after intervention.Results After intervention,the good rate of healthy behavior in group B was higher than that in group A.The average score of knowledge awareness of asthma in group B was higher than that in group A.The average levels of FEV1,PEF and FVC in group B were higher than those in group A,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).After intervention,AQLQ score of group B was higher than that of group A,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).SAS score of group B was lower than that of group A,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The implementation of detailed nursing intervention under the guidance of KAP theory can help patients with acute bronchial asthma to improve the cognitive level of disease-related cognition,develop healthy self-management behavior habits,help to relieve patients'emotions,promote the improvement of lung function,and change the quality of life of patients.

关 键 词：知—信—行理论 细节护理 支气管哮喘 健康行为 

分 类 号：R473[医药卫生—护理学]