基于价格-时空网络的高速铁路票价优化研究  

Optimization of Ticket Pricing for High-speed Railway Based on Price-space-time Network

作　　者：夏阳 王怀相 周茵 安仲文 魏玉光[3] XIA Yang;WANG Huaixiang;ZHOU Yin;AN Zhongwen;WEI Yuguang(Transportation&Economics Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Passenger Transportation Department,China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100844,China;School of Traffic and Transportation,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司运输及经济研究所,北京100081 [2]中国国家铁路集团有限公司客运部,北京100844 [3]北京交通大学交通运输学院,北京100044

出　　处：《铁道学报》2022年第7期11-20,共10页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划(2020F016,2016Z004-D)。

摘　　要：在高速铁路定价权限放开的背景下,考虑旅客对价格敏感度的异质性,运用旅客出行选择行为和客流分配理论,研究高速铁路票价优化问题。基于列车服务网络,通过设置离散价格策略集合引入价格维度,构建价格-时空三维网络,将研究问题转化为考虑时空资源限制的多商品流问题。考虑客流守恒、列车能力、旅客有限理性选择、价格策略唯一性等约束,构建高速铁路票价整数线性规划模型,并提出基于拉格朗日松弛的求解算法。以京沪高速铁路为例进行分析,结果表明与固定票价方案相比,提出的票价优化模型能使总客票收入增加了9.68%,并降低流失旅客数量,提高客流低谷期的列车上座率。The pricing authority of high-speed railway has been released.In this context,considering the heterogeneity of passengers’price-sensitivity,this paper studied the fare optimization of high-speed railway by using passenger travel choice behavior and passenger flow distribution theory.Based on the train service network,the price dimension was introduced with a discrete price strategy set to construct the price-space-time three-dimensional network,which transformed the research problem into a multi-commodity flow problem with the constraints of space-time resources.Furthermore,considering the constraints of flow conservation,train capacity,passengers’bounded rational choice and the uniqueness of price strategy,an integer linear programming model was proposed,and a solution algorithm based on Lagrange relaxation was designed.Based on the case study of the Beijing—Shanghai high-speed railway,the results show that compared with the fixed fare scheme,the fare optimization model proposed in this paper can increase the total fare revenue by about 9.68%,reduce the number of lost passengers and improve the train occupancy rate in the low passenger flow period.

关 键 词：高速铁路 票价优化 价格时空网络 拉格朗日松弛 

分 类 号：U293.1[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]