饲用玉米连作土壤可培养细菌多样性与肥效菌株监测  

Monitoring of cultivable bacterial diversity and fertilizer efficiency strains in continuous cropping soil of forage maize

作　　者：车娟 江旭 周义清[2] 张伟[1] 阮志勇[2,3,4] CHE Juan;JIANG Xu;ZHOU Yi-qing;ZHANG Wei;RUAN Zhi-yong(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology,College of life Sciences,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi Xinjiang 830054;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-International Center for Tropical Agriculture Joint Laboratory in Advanced Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture,Beijing 100081;College of Resources and Environment,Tibetan Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Linzhi Tibet 860000;College of Life Sciences,Yantai University,Yantai Shandong 264005)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学生命科学学院,特殊环境物种保护与调控生物学实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830054 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/中国农业科学院-国际热带农业中心可持续农业联合实验室,北京100081 [3]西藏农牧学院资源与环境学院,西藏林芝860000 [4]烟台大学生命科学学院,山东烟台264005

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第6期55-63,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(Y2021GH18,1610132020009);甘肃省微生物资源开发利用重点实验室开放课题基金。

摘　　要：为深入了解饲用玉米连作对土壤微生物多样性的影响,对甘肃区采集的连续7年种植玉米土壤中可培养细菌的多样性和促生细菌资源进行全面地分析和挖掘。分别利用富营养(NA)和选择性(Ashby)培养基进行可培养细菌的分离,对获得菌株进行16S rRNA基因测序和比对分析,评价其产植物生长素(IAA)、溶磷、固氮等能力。自不同年份土壤中共分离得到各类细菌224株。菌株功能评价结果表明,34株具有产IAA的能力,25株具溶解有机磷的能力,19株具溶解无机磷的能力,27株具有较高的固氮酶活性,有5株可同时具有产IAA和溶磷的功能。可培养细菌分离信息分析结果表明,种植玉米土壤的细菌及肥效菌株的丰富度及多样性随着连作年限的增加呈逐渐上升趋势,优势菌属均为Pseudomonas,广泛分布于各年份的土壤中,且表现出优秀的产IAA、溶磷及固氮的能力。研究表明,玉米7年连作可明显影响土壤菌群结构,土壤中蕴藏着丰富的有益功能细菌资源。分离的功能菌株为研制适用于甘肃玉米绿色生产的微生物肥料提供信息与优良菌种支撑。The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of continuous cropping of forage maize on the diversity of soil culturable bacteria resources and the growth-promoting bacteria,which were obtained from the soil with 7 consecutive years of maize planting in Gansu and comprehensively analyzed.In this study,the culturable bacteria were isolated using eutrophic medium(NA)and selective medium(Ashby),and 16S rRNA gene sequencing and comparative analysis were performed on the obtained strains,the ability of producing plant growth hormone(IAA),dissolving phosphorus and fixing nitrogen was evaluated.A total of 224 strains of bacteria were isolated from soil of different continuous cropping years.The results of functional evaluation of microbial strains showed that 34 strains had the IAA production ability,25 strains had the organic phosphorus dissolving ability 19 strains had the inorganic phosphorus dissolving ability,27 strains showed high nitrogenase activity,and 5 strains had both IAA production and phosphorus dissolving ability.The results of information analysis of culturable microorganisms showed that the bacterial richness and diversity of soil under maize cultivation and fertile strains increased with the increase of continuous cropping years.The dominant genus of culturable bacteria was Pseudomonas,which was widely distributed in the soil with different continuous cropping years and showed excellent ability of producing IAA,dissolved organic phosphorus,inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen fixation.This study shows that 7-year continuous cropping of maize can significantly affect the structure of soil flora,and the soil contains abundant resources of growth-promoting bacteria.The isolated functional strains can provide information for the development of microbial fertilizer suitable for production of green maize and growth-promoting strains support in Gansu Province.

关 键 词：饲用玉米 连作 细菌 微生物肥料 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学] S548