优化施肥对琯溪蜜柚产量、品质和碳排放的影响  

Effect of optimized fertilization on Guanxi pomelo’s yield,quality,and carbon emission

作　　者：张卫强 许修柱 陈晓辉 Muhammad Atif Muneer 叶德练 吴良泉 ZHANG Wei-qiang;XU Xiu-zhu;CHEN Xiao-hui;Muhammad Atif Muneer;YE De-lian;WU Liang-quan(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/International Magnesium Institute,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou Fujian 350002;College of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics,Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou Fujian 350002)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学,资源与环境学院/国际镁营养研究所,福建福州350002 [2]福建农林大学,农学院/作物遗传育种与综合利用教育部重点实验室,福建福州350002

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第6期82-90,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200401)。

摘　　要：明确减量优化施肥和增施钙镁肥对平和琯溪蜜柚产量、品质和碳排放的影响,为琯溪蜜柚绿色提质增效施肥技术提供科学依据。在蜜柚主产区平和县坂仔镇布置6个田间试验点,设置农户常规施肥(FFP)、优化施肥(OPT,减量施用氮磷钾肥)和优化施肥+钙镁肥(OPT+Ca Mg)处理,研究不同施肥处理对蜜柚产量、品质、肥料偏生产力、经济效益和碳排放的影响。结果表明:(1)与FFP处理相比,OPT和OPT+Ca Mg处理减肥不减产,且OPT+Ca Mg处理可以显著降低果实的可滴定酸含量(降幅7.0%)、提高固酸比(增幅8.8%),部分试验点可溶性固形物含量存在显著差异,但平均可溶性固形物含量无显著差异,不同处理的果实可食率无显著差异;(2)与FFP处理相比,OPT和OPT+Ca Mg处理的氮、磷、钾肥料偏生产力分别显著增加100.3%、130.6%、115.9%和105.1%、135.6%、120.2%;(3)与FFP处理相比,OPT和OPT+Ca Mg处理每公顷农资成本分别减少1.3万和1.1万元(降幅分别为25.3%和20.7%),每公顷利润分别显著增加2.74万和3.23万元(增幅分别为28.2%和33.3%);(4)与FFP处理相比,OPT和OPT+Ca Mg处理的蜜柚园碳排放总量、单位面积净碳排放和碳足迹均分别显著减少27.0%和23.9%、39.0%和34.0%、45.0%和44.0%。综上,化肥减量施用的同时增施钙镁肥是蜜柚生产绿色提质增效的有效措施,不仅没有降低蜜柚的产量,还能显著提高果实的品质和肥料利用率、减少碳排放。The optimized fertilization of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,and as well combined with calcium and magnesium,were evaluated to explore their effects on Guanxi pomelo,and contribution of reducing fertilization to carbon emission.It could provide the scientific basis for green fertilization technology to improve the quality and efficiency of Guanxi pomelo.Six experimental sites were arranged in Banzai Town,Pinghe County,the main producing area of pomelo,and three treatments were set up for each site,including farmers conventional fertilization(FFP),optimized fertilization(OPT,with reduction of nitngen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer),and optimized fertilization in combination with calcium and magnesium fertilizers(OPT+Ca Mg).The effects of different fertilizer treatments on yield,quality,partial factor productivity of fertilizers,economic efficiency and the regulation effect of carbon emissions were studied.The results showed that:(1)Compared with FFP treatments,the yields of OPT and OPT+Ca Mg treatments did not decrease although fertilizer application was reduced,and the titratable acid contents of pomelo in OPT+Ca Mg treatment decreased by 7.0%and the solid-acid ratio increased by 8.8%.In contrast,There were significant differences in soluble solid content in some test sites,but there was no significant difference in the average soluble solid content,and there was no significant difference in the edibile rate of pomelo among all treatments.(2)Compared with FFP treatments,the OPT and OPT+Ca Mg treatments significantly increased the partial productivity of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer for pomelo by 100.3%,130.6%,115.9%and 105.1%,135.6%,120.2%,respectively.(3)Compared with FFP treatments,the input cost of fertilizer and other agricultural materials for OPT and OPT+Ca Mg decreased by 13 and 11 thousand yuan per hectare(decreased by 25.3%and 20.7%),and the profit per hectare increased by 27.4 and 32.3 thousand yuan(increased by 28.2%and 33.3%),respectively.(4)Compared with FFP treatments,the to

关 键 词：琯溪蜜柚 钙镁肥 减量施肥 碳足迹 经济效益 

分 类 号：S666.3[农业科学—果树学]