基于二次通用旋转组合设计的暗紫贝母优质高产施肥研究  

Study on the high-quality and high-yield fertilization of Fritillaria unibracteata based on quadratic general rotary unitized design

作　　者：邓秋林 杨正明[2] 陈雨 文秋姝 张亚琴[1] 李思佳[1] 刘震东 陈兴福[1] DENG Qiu-lin;YANG Zheng-ming;CHEN Yu;WEN Qiu-shu;ZHANG Ya-qin;LI Si-jia;LIU Zhen-dong;CHEN Xing-fu(Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu Sichuan 611130;Southwest University for Nationalities,Chengdu Sichuan 610041;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Qingbaijiang District,Chengdu Sichuan 610300;Sichuan Songzan Xuebei Biotechnology Co.Ltd.,Songpan Sichuan 623301)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学,四川成都611130 [2]西南民族大学,四川成都610041 [3]青白江区农业农村局,四川成都610300 [4]四川松赞雪贝生物科技有限公司,四川松潘623301

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第6期96-103,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：四川省“十三五育种攻关”项目(2016NYZ0036-3-2)。

摘　　要：为探索氮、磷、钾肥配施对暗紫贝母产量和质量的影响,得出暗紫贝母优质高产的氮、磷、钾肥配施方案,采用三因素二次通用旋转组合设计,进行5年生暗紫贝母的田间施肥试验,测定了药材产量和总灰分、醇溶性浸出物、总生物碱含量等指标。使用DPS解析的数据建立了氮、磷、钾与暗紫贝母产量和质量的函数模型,通过F检验,分析了回归方程和各项回归系数的显著性,利用模型分析了氮、磷、钾肥对产量、总灰分、醇溶性浸出物及总生物碱含量的影响,使用统计频数法、灰色关联度和DTOPSIS法综合各项指标获得最优施肥方案。施用氮、磷、钾肥可影响暗紫贝母产量和质量。本研究施肥水平下各因素对产量和总灰分的影响表现为:K_(2)O>N>P_(2)O_(5),对醇溶性浸出物和总生物碱的影响表现为:N>P_(2)O_(5)>K_(2)O。随着N用量的增加,总灰分呈逐渐降低的趋势,总生物碱含量呈先降低后升高的趋势;随着P_(2)O_(5)用量的增加,总灰分呈逐渐增加的趋势;随着K_(2)O用量的增加,总灰分呈先升高后降低的趋势。低P_(2)O_(5)低K_(2)O或高P_(2)O_(5)高K_(2)O均有利于暗紫贝母产量的形成,低N低P_(2)O_(5)或高N高P_(2)O_(5)均有利于增加暗紫贝母的醇溶性浸出物含量。K_(2)O对产量和总灰分的影响最大,N对醇溶性浸出物和总生物碱的影响最大。通过试验得到的暗紫贝母优质高产的施肥方案为N 163.82~190.77 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)541.75~720.25 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 337.49~454.52 kg/hm^(2)。The purpose was to explore the effects of combined application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the yield and quality of Fritillaria unibracteata,and to obtain a high quality and high yield nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application scheme.A three-factor quadratic general rotary unitized design was adopted in field fertilization test on 5 years raw F.unibracteata.After harvest,the yield,total ash,alcohol-soluble extractives,and total alkaloid content of the medicinal materials were measured.Functional equations between the yield and quality of F.unibracteata and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization was established using the DPS.Through F-test,the significance of the regression equations and the regression coefficients was analyzed.The effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on yield,total ash,alcohol-soluble extracts and total alkaloids were analyzed by the models.Statistical frequency method,gray correlation degree and DTOPSIS method were used to integrate various indicators to obtain the optimal fertilization plan.The application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers could affect the yield and quality of F.unibracteata.In the study,the effects of various nutrient factors on the yield and total ash were:K_(2)O>N>P_(2)O_(5),and the effects on extracts and total alkaloids content were:N>P_(2)O_(5)>K_(2)O.As the amount of N increased,the total ash content gradually decreased,and the total alkaloid content decreased first and then increased;as the amount of P_(2)O_(5)increased,the total ash content gradually increased;as the amount of K_(2)O increased,the total ash content increased first and then decreased.Low P_(2)O_(5)and low K_(2)O,or high P_(2)O_(5)and high K_(2)O are all conducive to the production of F.unibracteata,low N and low P_(2)O_(5),or high N and high P_(2)O_(5)are all conducive to increasing the extractable content of F.unibracteata.K_(2)O has the greatest impact on yield and total ash,and N has the greatest impact on extracts and

关 键 词：氮磷钾 暗紫贝母 二次通用旋转组合设计 产量 质量 

分 类 号：S567.231[农业科学—中草药栽培]