不同形态氮肥对膜下滴灌棉花^(15)N回收率和产量的影响  

Effects of different nitrogen forms on ^(15)N recovery,seed cotton yield of cotton under drip irrigation under mulch

作　　者：李鹏程[1,2] 郑苍松 孙淼 邵晶晶 冯卫娜 董合林 LI Peng-cheng;ZHENG Cang-song;SUN Miao;SHAO Jing-jing;FENG Wei-na;DONG He-lin(Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology,Anyang Henan 455000;West Agricultural Research Center,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changji Xinjiang 831100)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所,棉花生物学国家重点实验室,河南安阳455000 [2]中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心,新疆昌吉831100

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第6期123-128,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2019D01A101);棉花产业技术体系岗位科学家(CARS-15-11)。

摘　　要：不同形态氮肥在棉花上的施用效果尚不明确,研究不同形态氮肥对棉花产量、氮肥利用的影响,为棉花高效施氮提供理论依据。在全生育期施N 270 kg/hm^(2)的条件下,设置硫酸铵、尿素、硝酸钙3种不同氮肥处理,采用^(15)N示踪技术,研究一膜三行种植模式下,3种不同形态氮肥对膜下滴灌棉花单株干物质质量、籽棉产量、^(15)N回收率、土壤^(15)N残留率、氮肥损失率的影响。结果表明:硫酸铵和尿素处理对棉花单株干物质质量无显著影响,2019年尿素处理棉花单株干物质质量显著高于硝酸钙处理5.6%,2020年3种不同形态氮肥处理棉花单株干物质质量无显著差异。硫酸铵和尿素处理棉花单株籽棉产量无显著差异,显著高于硝酸钙处理,2019年分别比硝酸钙处理高13.7%和10.0%,2020年分别比硝酸钙处理高5.7%和5.9%。硫酸铵和尿素处理棉株^(15)N的回收率显著高于硝酸钙处理,2019年分别比硝酸钙处理高1.1和1.6个百分点,2020年分别比硝酸钙处理高6.4和3.5个百分点。硫酸铵和尿素处理土壤^(15)N残留率显著低于硝酸钙处理,2019年分别比硝酸钙处理低10.0和10.7个百分点,2020年分别比硝酸钙处理低8.6和10.9个百分点。2019年硫酸铵和尿素处理氮肥损失率显著高于硝酸钙处理,分别比硝酸钙处理高8.9和9.1个百分点;2020年尿素处理氮肥损失率分别比硫酸铵和硝酸钙处理高5.2和7.4个百分点。2020年硝酸钙处理收获期0~60 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量显著高于硫酸铵和尿素处理,硫酸铵处理显著高于尿素处理。2年大田试验结果表明,膜下滴灌棉花在一膜三行种植和等量施氮条件下,与施用硝酸钙相比,硫酸铵和尿素处理获得了较高的籽棉产量、^(15)N回收率和氮肥损失率,较低的土壤^(15)N残留率和收获期土壤硝态氮含量。The application effect of different nitrogen form fertilizers on cotton is not clear.The effects of different nitrogen forms on cotton yield and nitrogen utilization were studied to provide a theoretical basis for efficient nitrogen application of cotton.Three different N fertilizer treatments(ammonium sulfate,urea and calcium nitrate)were set up with the application level of N 270 kg/hm^(2).^(15)N tracer technique was used to study the effects of three different nitrogen forms on dry matter weight,seed cotton yield of single cotton plant,^(15)N recovery,soil^(15)N residual rate and nitrogen loss rate of cotton under the planting mode of one film with three rows under drip irrigation under mulch.The results showed that there was no significant effect in dry matter weight of single plant between ammonium sulfate and urea treatments.In 2019,the dry matter weight of single plant for urea treatment was significantly higher by 5.6%than that of calcium nitrate treatment.There were no significant differences in the dry matter weight of single plant under the three different nitrogen forms in 2020.There was no significant difference in seed cotton yield of single plant between ammonium sulfate and urea treatments,which was significantly higher by 13.7%and 10.0%in 2019,and by 5.7%and 5.9%in 2020 than that of calcium nitrate treatment,respectively.The ^(15)N recovery rates of ammonium sulfate and urea treatments were significantly higher than that of calcium nitrate treatment,by 1.1 and 1.6 percentage point in 2019 and by 6.4 and 3.5 percentage point in 2020,respectively.The^(15)N residual rate in soil for ammonium sulfate and urea treatment was significantly lower than that for calcium nitrate treatment,by 10.0 and 10.7 percentage point in 2019 and by 8.6 and 10.9 percentage point in 2020,respectively.The nitrogen loss rates of ammonium sulfate and urea treatments were significantly higher than that of calcium nitrate treatment in 2019,by 8.9 and 9.1 percentage point,respectively.The nitrogen loss rate of urea treatment w

关 键 词：尿素 硫酸铵 硝酸钙 膜下滴灌 ^(15)N回收率 籽棉产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]