育秧基质配施腐植酸对水稻秧苗素质及产量的影响  

Effects of combined application of humic acid with seedling raising substrate on seedling quality and rice yield

作　　者：安之冬 管浩 朱远芃 柴如山[1] 郜红建[1] 华胜 王宜坤 AN Zhi-dong;GUAN Hao;ZHU Yuan-peng;CHAI Ru-shan;GAO Hong-jian;HUA Sheng;WANG Yi-kun(Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention,School of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei Anhui 230036;Anhui Xiyangyang Agricultural Science and Technology Co.Ltd.,Lujiang Anhui 230088)

机构地区：[1]农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室,安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,安徽合肥230036 [2]安徽喜洋洋农业科技有限公司,安徽庐江230088

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第6期173-181,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200107);安徽省重大科技专项(18030701188)。

摘　　要：通过田间秧盘育秧试验,以徽两优882为供试材料,研究水稻育秧基质与腐植酸配施对机插秧幼苗素质、养分吸收特性及水稻产量的影响,为水稻高产栽培提供理论依据。水稻育秧基质以腐熟秸秆、腐熟稻壳、蛭石和干细土按体积3∶2∶2∶3配成。试验共设置不施肥(CK)、单施腐植酸(HA)、缺氮施肥(PK)、配施氮磷钾肥(NPK)和腐植酸优化施肥(HNPK)5个处理。秧苗株高、地上部干物质量、根系形态和植株养分吸收量均随播种时间的延长呈先快速增加后缓慢增加的趋势。NPK和HNPK处理所育秧苗地上部生长特征、根系形态和植株养分吸收量在育秧10 d后显著优于CK处理(P<0.05)。在相同施肥量条件下,HNPK处理所育水稻秧苗在秧龄20d时秧苗壮苗指数比NPK处理提高8.62%;水稻植株氮、磷和钾净吸收量分别比NPK处理提高3.65%~13.12%、3.76%~16.06%和4.22%~13.12%,以上指标均在秧龄15 d时达显著性差异水平(P<0.05)。HNPK处理的水稻有效穗数和每穗总粒数比NPK处理分别高2.63%和1.19%,水稻产量增加4.30%,表现出显著差异(P<0.05)。综上所述,水稻育秧基质配施氮磷钾肥和腐植酸均能提高秧苗素质和养分吸收累积量,增加水稻有效穗数和产量。In this study,the effects of combined application of humic acid with seedling raising substrate on seedling quality,nutrient absorption characteristics and rice yield were analyzed by using the filed seedling tray and field experiment methods.Rice variety of Huiliangyou 882 was used as the test rice seeds material.The substrate used for rice seedlings was composed of decayed straw,decayed rice husk,vermiculite and soil in volume ratio of 3∶2∶2∶3.Five treatments,including seedling substrate without fertilization(CK),seedling substrates with humic acid(HA),seedling substrates with phosphate and potassium fertilizer(PK),seedling substrates with nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers(NPK),seedling substrates with nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and humic acid(HNPK)were conducted in this study.The rapid increase of rice seedling plant height,shoot dry weights,root morphological indexes and nutrient accumulation in seedling plant were found at the initial growing stage,and then a slow increase at the following growing stage.The aboveground weight,root morphological indexes and plant nutrient accumulated in seedlings in the treatments of NPK and HNPK were significantly higher than that in the CK at 10th day growing stage(P<0.05).Under the same quantity of NPK fertilization,the vigorous seedling indexes of rice in HNPK were increased by 8.58%than that in the treatment of NPK at the 20th day,and the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulated in rice seedling in treatment of HNPK were increased by 3.65%~13.12%,3.76%~16.06%and 4.22%~13.12%than that in the treatment of NPK,respectively,which showed the significant differences(P<0.05)at the 15th day.The number of effective ear panicles and grains per panicle in the treatment of HNPK were 2.63%and 1.19%higher than that of NPK,respectively,and the rice yield increased by 4.30%than the latter,which showed the significant differences(P<0.05).In summary,the combined application of chemical fertilizer of NPK and humic acid with the seedling raising sub

关 键 词：机插秧苗 有机无机复混基质 腐植酸 秧苗素质 水稻产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]