豫东黄河故道湿地土壤重金属污染评价及生态风险评估  

Assessment of heavy metal pollution and ecological risk in the wetlands of ancient bed of Yellow River in eastern Henan

作　　者：马丽 郭学良 么秀颖 刘希嘉 杨森 梁明慧[3] 张丽英 MA Li;GUO Xue-liang;YAO Xiu-ying;LIU Xi-jia;YANG Sen;LIANG Ming-hui;ZHANG Li-ying(College of Biology and Food Science,Shangqiu Normal University,Shangqiu Henan 476000;Shangqiu Soil and Fertilizer Station,Shangqiu Henan 476000;Shangqiu Medical College,Shangqiu Henan 476000;Yanling County Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Yanling Henan 461200)

机构地区：[1]商丘师范学院生物与食品学院,河南商丘476000 [2]商丘市土壤肥料站,河南商丘476000 [3]商丘医学高等专科学校,河南商丘476000 [4]鄢陵县农业技术推广中心,河南鄢陵461200

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第6期213-220,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：河南省高等学校重点科研项目(20B180008);国家自然科学基金(31902066);河南省高校科技创新团队(21IRTSTHN025)。

摘　　要：为探明豫东黄河故道湿地土壤重金属污染情况,采用原子吸收光谱法测定商丘黄河故道区内湿地(WL)及附近林地(FL)和耕地(CL)3种类型土壤中重金属Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、Cu的含量,运用地质累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对重金属污染特征和潜在生态风险进行评价和分析。结果表明,黄河故道WL、FL和CL土壤中Cr和Cd的平均含量分别为289.46、308.17、378.58和2.03、2.47、2.62 mg·kg^(-1),是黄河故道区土壤环境背景值的10.51和37.69倍,均超过农用地土壤污染风险筛选值;而重金属Zn、Pb和Cu含量相当于甚至低于土壤环境背景值。5种重金属元素含量均表现为:WL<FL<CL。污染评价分析结果表明在这3种类型的样地中,重金属Cd达到弱极度污染水平,属于高度潜在生态风险;重金属Cr达到弱重度或重度污染水平,但属于轻度潜在生态风险;重金属Zn、Pb和Cu则处于无污染或轻度污染水平,属于轻度潜在生态风险。豫东黄河故道区WL、FL和CL综合潜在生态风险指数均超过480,存在高度潜在生态风险。工业“三废”、成土母质和农业活动等来源的重金属Cd是该区域最重要的污染因子,对综合潜在生态风险的贡献率达97.23%,需要及时进行综合整治;而土壤成土母质或人类农业活动来源的重金属Cr、Pb、Cu和Zn是黄河故道区土壤重金属污染的潜在生态风险因子,也应及时加以防控。The contents of heavy metals Zn,Pb,Cr,Cd and Cu were determined in wetland(WL)and its adjacent forest land(FL)and cultivated land(CL)in the ancient bed of Yellow River in eastern Henan province by atomic absorption spectrometry.The characteristics of heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risks were evaluated by geological accumulation index method and potential ecological risk index method.The results showed that the average contents of Cr and Cd in WL,FL and CL of the ancient bed of Yellow River were 289.46,308.17,378.58 and 2.03,2.47 and 2.62 mg·kg^(-1),respectively,which were 10.51 and 37.69 times of the background value of soil environment in the ancient bed of Yellow River,and all exceeded the screening value of soil pollution risk of agricultural land,while the contents of Zn,Pb and Cu were equal to or even lower than the background values of soil environment.The contents of these five heavy metal elements in WL,FL and CL appeared as WL<FL<CL.The results of pollution assessment showed that in these three types of sample plots,Cd reached the level of weak extreme pollution,which belonged to high potential ecological risk;Cr reached weak or severe pollution level,but it belonged to mild potential ecological risk;Zn,Pb and Cu were at the level of no pollution or slight pollution,which belonged to slight potential ecological risks.The comprehensive potential ecological risk index of WL,FL and CL in the ancient bed of Yellow River in eastern Henan province all exceeded 480,which showed a high potential ecological risk.Cd from industrial“three wastes”,soil-forming parent material and agricultural activities were the most important pollution factors in this region,contributing 97.23%to the comprehensive potential ecological risk,which needs to be comprehensively rectified in time;Cr,Pb,Cu and Zn from soil parent materials or human agricultural activities were potential ecological risk factors of heavy metal pollution in the ancient bed of Yellow River,which should be prevented and controlled in time.

关 键 词：黄河故道 湿地 土壤重金属 生态风险评估 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4