低温环境下液压元件及系统研究综述  

Review of Research on Hydraulic Component and System in Low Temperature Environment

作　　者：陈英龙 郝新娟 宋甫俊 张增猛 弓永军 CHEN Yinglong;HAO Xinjuan;SONG Fujun;ZHANG Zengmeng;GONG Yongjun(Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering College,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian Liaoning 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学船舶与海洋工程学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《机床与液压》2022年第13期174-180,共7页Machine Tool & Hydraulics

基　　金：大连市科技创新基金重点学科重大项目(No.2020JJ25CY016)。

摘　　要：随着我国太空、深海、极地等战略新疆域的提出,极端的操作环境和恶劣的低温条件也给液压元件和系统提出了更高的要求。尤其在低温环境下,液压元件摩擦副的配合间隙会随着温度变化,液压油的运动黏度会显著增大,液压执行单元的冷态启动也会受到严重影响,从而影响整个液压系统的正常工作。综述低温环境下液压元件和系统的工作特征,包括低温环境下液压油的黏温特性、液压元件摩擦副以及液压系统低温启动等,并阐述低温环境下液压系统防冻的解决方案,如通过加热保温油箱、选择热膨胀系数适合的元件材料、开展低温优化实验等方法,对低温环境下液压元件及系统的分析和研究具有一定的参考价值。With the proposal of space,deep sea,and polar region strategy in our country,the extreme operating environment and the low temperature conditions have raised higher requirements for hydraulic components and systems.In extremely low temperature environment,the fit clearances of the friction pairs in hydraulic components change with temperature,the kinematic viscosity of the hydraulic oil increases significantly,and the cold start of the hydraulic actuator is also severely affected,thereby affecting the normal operation of the entire hydraulic system.The characteristics of hydraulic components and systems in low-temperature environment were summarized,including the viscosity-temperature characteristics of hydraulic oil in low-temperature environment,friction pairs of hydraulic components,and low temperature start of hydraulic system,etc.The solutions how to anti-freeze of hydraulic system in low temperature environment were explained,such as heating and insulating oil tanks,selecting component materials with suitable thermal expansion coefficients,conducting low-temperature optimization experiments and so on.The analysis and research of hydraulic components and systems in low temperature environment has certain reference value.

关 键 词：低温环境 低温液压油 液压系统 防冻 极地液压 

分 类 号：TH137[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]